CE3354 - Homework 9
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CE 3354 Engineering Hydrology
Fall 2023 Required HW 09
Due Date: Nov 9th and posting date Nov 2nd
Aradillas, Nohemi
R11786083
Purpose:
Build Elevation-Discharge tables for Hardin Creek Study Area.
In HW 08 you constructed ELEVATION-AREA tables for the West, North reservoirs and the Eden Basin in
the Hardin Creek study area.
In this exercise set, you will now construct the ELEVATION-DISCHARGE tables for the same reservoirs.
Read "Flow Measurements," of a fluid mechanics (CE3305) textbook. Pay special attention to the portion
on measuring flows using weirs. You should also look at CMM pg. 248 after reading this chapter. Read
"Open Channel Flow," of a fluid mechanics (CE3305) textbook. Pages 564-568 on culvert flows are most
useful for this exercise.
Figure 1: Overland flow Roughness Coefficient
Exercise 1:
Construct an ELEVATION-DISCHARGE table for the North Reservoir. Use sketches to indicate which outlet
elements are active at different pool elevations. Indicate which equations apply for different elevations
and outlet elements. Include citations to equations selected. Include sample calculations (actual by-
hand) as well as any spreadsheet calculations you employ.
Figure 2: Elevation from 2055 ft to 2065 ft
According to Figure 2, there is a range of elevation levels between 2055 ft and 2065 ft. This range
represents the measurement of water level from the ground up to the Riser Elevation. It is important to
note that this range indicates the risk of seepage and erosion, which may lead to a dam failure. The
calculations were done using Manny's equation (CMM pg 162).
Figure 3: Elevations from 2065 ft to 2076 ft
The critical section shown in Figure 3 illustrates the range of elevation levels between 2065 ft and 2076
ft. This range represents the gradual increase in water levels between the riser elevation and the spillway
elevation. This section is crucial in determining the performance of a dam during heavy rainfall or flood
events. The elements activated here include the potential risks of seepage and erosion, and the riser,
which plays a vital role in controlling the water flow. The orifice equation was used for this purpose
(FHWA-NHI-02-001 pp. 8-9
–
8-10).
Figure 4: Elevations from 2076 ft to 2079 ft
Figure 4 depicts a range of elevations between 2076 feet and 2079 feet, corresponding to the levels
between the spillway elevation and the crest elevation. The spillway elevation is the point where water
begins to spill out of a dam during a flood, while the crest elevation is the highest point of the dam. This
range indicates the critical level of water that a dam can hold, and any excess water will spill out of the
dam. The elements activated here include the potential risks of seepage and erosion, the riser, and
overflow through the top of the dam, which can cause significant damage to the surrounding areas.
Additionally, the orifice equation is used in this context, but the overflow can be calculated by using the
spillway equation (FHWA-NHI-02-001 pp. 8-9
–
8-10).
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Table 1: Elevation-Discharge for North Basin
I wasn
’
t sure which one
Figure 5: Sample Calculations for North Basin
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Exercise 2:
Construct an ELEVATION-DISCHARGE table for the West Reservoir. Use sketches to indicate which outlet
elements are active at different pool elevations. Indicate which equations apply for different elevations
and outlet elements. Include citations to equations selected. Include sample calculations (actual by-
hand) as well as any spreadsheet calculations you employ.
Figure 6: Elevations from 2065 ft to 2075 ft
As per Figure 5, it can be observed that the water level measurement ranging from 2065 ft to 2075 ft
corresponds to the elevation level from the ground up to the Riser Elevation. This range of elevation
indicates the possibility of seepage and erosion, which may result in a dam failure. In order to avoid such
an occurrence, the manning equation should be utilized for the given elevations (CMM pg 162).
Figure 7 Elevations from 2075 ft to 2087 ft
Based on Figure 6, it can be observed that the water levels gradually increase between the riser and
spillway elevations. This is a crucial factor in determining the performance of a dam during periods of
heavy rainfall or flooding. The elevation range, which spans from 2075 ft to 2087 ft, contains several
essential elements, such as the risks of seepage and erosion, as well as the critical role of the riser in
controlling water flow. At this specific elevation, the orifice equation is utilized (FHWA-NHI-02-001 pp. 8-
9
–
8-10).
Figure 8: Elevations from 2087 ft to 2090 ft
The range of elevations shown in Figure 7 corresponds to the levels between the spillway (2087 ft) and
crest elevations (2090 ft) located on a dam. The spillway elevation refers to the point where water begins
to overflow from a dam during a flood, while the crest elevation is the highest point of the dam. It is
important to keep in mind that this range of elevations represents the maximum water level that the
dam can contain. Any water above this level can activate various components, such as potential risks of
erosion and seepage, the riser, and overflow through the top of the dam. Therefore, proper maintenance
of dams is crucial to prevent significant damage to the surrounding areas. Additionally, the orifice
equation is used in this context, but the overflow can be calculated by using the spillway equation
(FHWA-NHI-02-001 pp. 8-9
–
8-10).
Table 2: Elevation-Discharge for West Basin
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Exercise 3:
Construct an ELEVATION-DISCHARGE table for the US-84 crossing "reservoir". Use sketches to indicate
which outlet elements are active at different pool elevations. Indicate which equations apply for
different elevations and outlet elements. Include citations to equations selected. Include sample
calculations (actual by-hand) as well as any spreadsheet calculations you employ.
Figure 9: Elevation from 2012 ft to 2017 ft
Based on Figure 9, it appears that the water level measurement between 2012 ft and 2017 ft is
equivalent to the elevation level from the ground up to the Riser Elevation, where the riser elevation
refers to the top of the box. This range of elevation suggests that there could be seepage and erosion,
which has the potential to cause a dam failure. To prevent such an event, it is recommended to apply the
Manning equation for the given elevations as stated on page 162 of the CMM.
Figure 10: Elevation from 2017 ft to 2023 ft
The range of elevations displayed in Figure 10 pertains to the levels that exist between the spillway and
crest elevations located on a dam. During a flood, the spillway elevation is the point where water starts
overflowing from the dam, while the crest elevation marks the highest point of the dam. It is important
to note that this range of elevations represents the maximum water level that the dam is capable of
containing. Water levels exceeding this range can activate various components, such as the riser,
potential risks of erosion and seepage, and overflow through the top of the dam. Therefore, it is crucial
to maintain dams properly to prevent any significant damage to the surrounding areas. Moreover, in this
context, the orifice equation is employed, but the overflow can be calculated by using the spillway
equation (FHWA-NHI-02-001 pp. 8-9
–
8-10).
Table 3: Elevation-Discharge for US-87 Basin