ENV 220 Stream Morphology Lab Report .docx

Stream Morphology Lab Report Danny Tran 10 July 2023

1 Abstract This lab provides an understanding of stream systems and impacts of these systems on the surrounding environment. The experiment on stream morphology aims to enhance our comprehension of how streams and rivers shape and transform geological landscapes by examining various flow properties. Stream tables are employed under various heights and conditions to calculate the five characteristics of a stream, enabling observation of the sediment's erosion and deposition patterns. Both activities yielded findings indicating fluctuations in velocity and discharge in relation to table height and the presence of obstacles. Furthermore, they shed light on the modifications occurring in the landscape due to sinuosity and physical barriers. These experimental investigations serve the purpose of studying streams and microhabitats while also contributing to the improved management of watersheds (Recycle Nation, 2020). Introduction Streams and rivers significantly impact the environment, making it crucial to study their flow properties and geological landscape alterations (Wiens, 2002). This lab involves constructing a scaled stream model, conducting experiments, and applying the scientific method to understand the system's impact. By analyzing stream characteristics, identifying geological formations, and examining watershed effects, this lab enhances our understanding of stream systems and their environmental influence (Recycle Nation, 2020). Additionally, it allows us to © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

2 predict and improve water management practices, ensuring cleaner accessible water resources in the face of increasing development and pollution (Beschta & Platts, 1986). Materials and Methods Materials  Stopwatch  Sand  Foam cup  Two books  Plastic cup  Paper clip  Rules  Tap water.  Two plastic bags Preparation steps 1. Use the foam try and spread the sand evenly on the tray. 2. Start pouring water on the sand and saturate it. Then rub the sand flat on the foam tray and let the sand dry overnight. 3. Make a hole in the foam cup 1 cm above the surface of the cup using paper clip. Activity-1 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

3 1. Place the books in plastic bags and position the 4cm thick book slightly elevated at one end of the tray, causing it to tilt. 2. Position the foam cup at the tray's top and gradually fill it with water using the plastic cup. 3. As water fills the foam cup, it will trickle out, forming a stream. Stop adding water once a small stream flow is established. 4. Carefully observe and sketch the stream's appearance, identifying areas of erosion and deposition. 5. Record stream values and data in the table. (To measure travel time, tearing a small piece of foam from the cup and time how long it takes to float down the stream.) 6. Repeat steps 5-7 for two more trials. 7. Repeat steps 5-8 using the 2 cm thick book. Activity-2 1. Create a small "dam" by arranging a line of closely packed gravel across the tray, approximately one-fourth of the way down. 2. Prepare the books by wrapping them in plastic bags, then position the 4cm thick book slightly beneath one end of the tray, causing the tray to tilt at an angle. 3. Place the foam cup at the tray's top and slowly fill it with water using the plastic cup. 4. As water fills the foam cup, it will trickle out, forming a stream. Cease adding water once a small stream flow begins. 5. Carefully observe and sketch the stream's appearance, noting areas of erosion and deposition. © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

4 6. Calculate stream values and record data in the table. 7. Repeat steps 3-5 for two additional trials. Calculations The calculations are performed based on these formulas provided below. Velocity is calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the time it took for travel. Velocity = Travelled Distance time ¿ travelthe distance ¿ Sinuosity is determined by dividing the curvy distance by the straight distance. Sinuosity = Curved Distance Straight distance Discharge is obtained by multiplying the velocity by the cross-sectional area. Discharge = Cross-sectional Area x Velocity Relief is calculated by subtracting the lowest elevation from the highest elevation. Relief = Highest Elevation – Lowest Elevation Gradient is determined by dividing the relief by the total distance. Gradient = Relief totaldistance Activity 1: Data Table 1 © 2016 Carolina Biological Supply Company

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