1010lab3

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University of Guelph *

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1010

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Electrical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Lab 3 – Kirchhoff’s Rules Experiment 1: Kirchhoff’s rules, a simple circuit Methods: For experiment 1, I recreated the two-loop circuit given in the lab document. To do this, I first placed the 5 resistors in appropriate positions. I then connected the two 3.3V clips to the two 2000 Ω resistors. I then connected two ground clips to the two 1000 Ω resistors. Finally, I connected a clip to the A7 port which will be used to read potential across each resistor. Upper Loop Lower Loop

Results: Conclusions: Based on the small percent difference between the theoretical and actual values for current, the two values agree with each other. The percent difference for the 1000 Ω , 2000 Ω and 4000 Ω resistors are 0.4%, 1% and, 0.2% respectively. The small amount of error could be caused by the uncertainty in the resistors or the uncertainty in the IOLab reading. Resistance (Ω) ∆V Current (A) %difference 4700 2.507 0.0005334 0.226022994 2000 0.5378 0.0002689 1.046728972 1000 0.265 0.000265 0.414234607 Lower Loop Resistance (Ω) ∆V Current (A) %difference 4700 2.507 0.0005334 0.226022994 2000 0.5378 0.0002689 1.046728972 1000 0.265 0.000265 0.414234607 Upper Loop

Experiment 2: A more complicated application of Kirchhoff’s Rules Methods: For experiment 2, I created the 3 loop circuit given in the lab document. To do this, I positioned each resistor exactly how they appeared in the diagram. I then connected the 3.3V clip to the 4700 Ω resistor, and the DAC clip to the 1000Ω resistor on the right. I also connected the ground clip to the middle 1000Ω and 2000Ω resistors.

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Results: I 1 I 1 I 2 I 2 I 3 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5

Resistance (Ω) ∆V Current (A) %difference 4700 2.545 0.000541489 0.108463739 1000 0.743 0.000743 1.882374485 2000 1.192 0.000596 0.228471101 2000 0.442 0.000221 2.251118086 1000 0.813 0.000813 0.28080354 Both of Kirchhoff’s Rules are practical examples of conservation laws in physics. Which fundamental quantity is being conserved in the loop rule? Which other quantity is conserved in the Junction rule? The quantity being conserved in the loop rule is potential energy. As charges move through the circuit they lose energy when passing through the resistors and gain energy when they mass through the power source. Because of the total energy in the system remains constant. The quantity being conserved in the junction rule is current. The total current flowing out of a junction must be equal to total current flowing into the junction because current cannot be destroyed. Conclusion: The theoretical values agree with the experimental values based on the small % difference. The slight difference can be caused by the uncertainty of the resistors, the internal resistance of the breadboard, or the uncertainty of the IOLab measurements.