CHAPTER 6 GROUP PROJECT-Philip Selin
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CHAPTER 6 GROUP PROJECT In your group project for Chapter 3 you encountered some data for the daily demand for pizza at an average Pizza Hut. (The data are reproduced in the table to the right.) Your manager at Yum, Inc has returned to this data with one last assignment for you. Pizza Hut estimates that on average a store has
fixed costs of $100 per day. The fixed costs include interest payments on borrowed funds used to fund
construction of the store and rental payments for their land. Pizza Hut also estimates that the marginal cost of a pizza is $8. Suppose Pizza Hut is a monopoly. (Later you will see that Pizza Hut is probably better thought of as a monopolistic competitive firm. But you will also see that the answers to the questions you next see are the same [at least in short run] regardless of whether Pizza Hut is a monopoly or a monopolistic competitive firm.) Using the regression analysis from the same data our team calculated from the first project we determined that our estimated demand curve is very close to what the actual demand curve would illustrate. The prices and quantities provided prove to be a very accurate representation to determine more data that is needed to be calculated. Ultimately, we need to determine our marginal revenue curve to continue finding the profit-maximizing price. We first needed to figure out our total revenue, which is multiplying the quantity sold by the price. Using the TR calculated we use this to determine the change in revenue divided by the change in quantity to obtain our MR curve. Marginal cost is the change
in total cost divided by the change in output. We can find our total profit by subtracting the TC from the TR. Your manager wants to know what the profit-maximizing price for a pizza? The profit-maximizing quantity are? The key to maximizing profits for many kinds of firms is to produce all the profitable units and none of the unprofitable ones. We should produce the quantity for which MR=MC, then set the highest price that sells the quantity produced. Assuming that pizza hut is a monopoly, we can still use the same profit-
maximization rule. The point where the MR curve equals our MC curve for our data shows a price of $7.67 which we round up to $8 while producing roughly 140 pizzas. With keeping the profit-
maximization rule in mind, the price is determined from the demand curve as the highest price that sells
the quantity produced. Our demand curve shows that the highest price buyers are willing to pay for 140 pizzas is $13 per pizza. The profit-maximizing price is $13. The profit-maximizing quantity is 140 pizzas. Your manager also wants to know what the profit at this price and quantity will be? We find that the total cost is determined by adding our fixed costs of $100 per day to the variable cost. The variable cost in our situation is MC of $8 per pizza sold then multiplying it to our quantity of demand
to get a total of $1220. Perfectly competitive firms make an economic profit if P>average total cost, makes a competitive return if P=ATC, and incurs an economic loss if P<ATC. This same set of results holds true also for a monopoly firm such as pizza hut. We find our ATC by taking our TC and dividing it by
the quantity sold. We have an ATC of $8.71 per day selling 140 pizzas. To determine our economic profit,
we use the formula (P-ATC) *Q. We determined that our profit at the price and quantity given to be $600.60 per day. If production costs are high relative to demand, profits will be low, and economic losses may even occur. There is no guarantee that a monopoly will make an economic profit, but fortunately for pizza hut there is profit.
To make your analysis easier, your manager will allow you to round your estimated demand curve coefficients to the nearest integer value. Leaving Pizza Hut behind, suppose that the market for pizza is perfectly competitive, that the market demand is still given by the data in the table to the right, and
the marginal cost of a pizza is $8. In this case, what is the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity of
pizza? When analyzing a perfectly competitive market, you must distinguish between market demand and an individual firm’s demand. The equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity are determined in the market from the intersection of the market supply curve (MC curve) and the market demand curve. We cannot set a price above the equilibrium price or sales will collapse. The P=MR and D=MR for all perfectly competitive firms. We do not know how many sellers are in this market and if supply has changed. We do know there is no change in MC, and that there are no barriers to entry in competitive markets. Given that in a competitive market we can expect the prices to decrease. The equilibrium price will be $..., and the equilibrium quantity will be ... pizzas, which we will set a lower price and produce a higher quantity of pizzas compared to the case of the monopoly. Discuss how the competitive equilibrium price and quantity compare to the monopoly profit-
maximizing price and quantity. A firm in a competitive market has no control over the price and takes the equilibrium price as given. They can sell whatever quantity it produces at the equilibrium price. Its demand is perfectly elastic at the equilibrium price. The demand equals the MR for a perfectly competitive firm. Competitive firms always produce at the minimum average total cost in the long run. The price to charge will also equal the demand for competitive firms. Competitive firms also have zero markup for their price. Both competitive firms and monopolies use marginal analysis to maximize its profit by producing the quantity at which the MR=MC sets the highest price that sells the quantity produced. Monopolies however has market power to control the price they set. Monopolies sells products that have fewer substitutes to those goods, so that means that a monopoly can charge a higher price. Monopolies sets a higher price and produces a smaller quantity compared to competitive markets. The higher price means that the firm
are better off at the expense of the consumers. Managers of monopolies can also maximize profits in the
long-run by producing so that marginal revenue equals long-run marginal cost which competitive firms will not be able to profit-maximize in the long-run. How much would you, as a producer, be willing to pay to convert the perfectly competitive pizza market into a monopoly? Explain how you arrived at your last answer.
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850
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Text Problem 22-6
Question Help
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should be rounded to the nearest cent.)
Average
Fixed Cost ($)
Average
Total Cost ($)
Total Cost of
Output
(microchips per day)
Average
Variable Cost ($)
Output
$10,000
30,000
60,000
55,000
95.000
80,000
150.000
105,000
220,000
130,000
325,000
155.000
465.000
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Generators
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Output
(microchips per day)
Average
Total Cost ($)
Total Cost of
Average
Variable Cost ($)
Average
Fixed Cost ($)
Output
$10,000
20,000
60,000
45,000
95,000
70.000
150.000
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220.000
120,000
325.000
145.000
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ces
aw
1
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Instructions: Enter your answers rounded to two decimal places.
Output
0
1
2
3
4
5
Average Fixed
Cost
$5.00
$1.67
$1.25
$1.00
Total Variable
Cost
$9.65
$18.62
$34.55
$41.55
Average Total
Cost
$11.81
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17
24
31
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$112
$112
$112
$112
Variable
Cost
$15
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$65
$90
$115
Total
Cost
$127
$152
$177
$202
$227
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Average Fixed
Cost
?
?
?
?
?
Average Variable
Cost
?
?
?
?
?
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Average Total
Cost
?
?
?
?
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Output
(microchips per day)
Total Cost of
Output
Average
Variable Cost ($)
Average
Fixed Cost ($)
Average
Total Cost ($)
0
$15,000
−
−
−
25,000
65,000
50,000
100,000
75,000
155,000
100,000
225,000
125,000
330,000
150,000
470,000
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
The efficient scale is
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(Dollars)
8
20
50
160
houses.
320
500
720
Average Fixed Cost Average Variable Cost Average Total Cost
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
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Marginal Cost
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Average Variable Cost
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Fixed Cost
Variable Cost
Average Total Cost
(Dollars per pair)
Quantity
(Pairs)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
120
80
1
200
40
2
240
45
3
285
55
4
340
85
425
115
6
540
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placing a green point at (1, 200). For MC, plot the points between the integers: For example, the MC of increasing production from zero to one pair of
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The accounting cost of Joe's business is $
(Enter your response as an integer.)
es
Get more help
Clear all
Check answer
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Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Total Costs
250
$ 4,750
$ 7,500
$ 12,250
300
4,750
9,000
13,750
350
4,750
10,500
15,250
400
4,750
12,000
16,750
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2) Variable costs are unchanged at $4,000 per boat and fixed costs fall to $800 per boat
3) Variable costs are unchanged at $4,000 per boat and fixed costs are unchanged at $1,000 per boat
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Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number.
Fill in the missing values for total fixed cost, total variable cost, and total cost in the table below.
Vintage Model Car Production Costs
Output
0
100
200
300
400
Total Fixed
Cost
(dollars)
$3,000
3000
3000
3000
3000
Total Variable
Cost (dollars)
1,200
1,700
3,700
III
Total Cost
(dollars)
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Table 13-11
Teacher's Helper is a small company that has a subcontract to
produce instructional materials for disabled children in public
school districts. The owner rents several small rooms in an office
building in the suburbs for $600 a month and has leased
computer equipment that costs $480 a month.
Output
(Instructional
Average Average Average
Modules
Fixed
Variable
Total
Fixed
Variable
Total Marginal
per Month)
Costs
Costs
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
Cost
$1,080
$1,080 $ 400 $1,480
1
$400
$965 $450
$1,350 $2,430
$1,900
$2,500
3
4
$475
5
$216
6
$4,280
$700
$4,100
$5,400
$7,300
7
8
$135
9
10
$10,880
$980
Refer to Table 13-11. One month, Teacher's Helper produced 18
instructional modules. What was the average fixed cost for that
month?
$811
$108
$60
It can't be determined from the information given.
2.
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Quantity
Total Fixed Costs
Total Variable Costs
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
0
180
0
1
180
80
2
180
140
3
180
180
4
180
240
5
180
320
6
180
450
the following table by calculating the company's total cost, marginal cost, average fixed cost, average variable cost, and average total cost at each level of production.
Quantity
Total Cost
Marginal Cost
Average Fixed Cost
Average Variable Cost
Average Total Cost
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
(Dollars)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
The price of a case of ball bearings is $80. Seeing that he can't make a profit, the company's chief executive officer (CEO) decides to shut down operations.
The firm's profit in this case is
. (Note: If the firm…
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total revenue last year was $136,000, and his rent was $2,610 per month. He pays
his one employee $2,200 per month, and the cost of ingredients and overhead
averages $960 per month. Jason could earn $32,600 per year as manager of al
competing pizza restaurant nearby. What's Jason's accounting profit for the entire
year?
Your Answer:
Answer
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- Until recently, Mark worked as a financial advisor, earning $65,000 annually. Then he inherited a piece of commercial real estate that had been renting for $14,000 annually. Mark decided to leave his job and operate a sea food restaurant in the space he inherited. At the end of the first year, his books showed total revenues of $300,000, and paid a total cost of $200,000 for food, utilities, cooks, and other supplies: Show all your work including formulas learned to support your answer for each of the following: A) Calculate his explicit costs: B) Calculate his implicit costs. C) Calculate his accounting profits. D) Calculate his economic profits.arrow_forwardUse the accompanying graph to answer the following questions. Assume the company makes 83,000 parts per month of Product A and 39,000 parts per month of Product B. Click the icon to view the provided graph. (a) Which Product has the higher variable cost, and what is this value in units of dollars per part? Product B has the higher variable cost. This value is $.50 /part. (Type an integer or a decimal. Round y (b) Which Product has the higher selling price, and what is this value in units of dollars per part? Product B has the higher selling price. This value is $ 1.69 /part. (Type an integer or a decimal. Round (c) Which Product has the faster breakeven time, and what is this value in units of months? Product B has the faster breakeven time. This value is 22 month(s). (Type a whole number.) (d) At 6 years, which Product makes more profit and what is this value in units of dollars? At 6 years Product A makes more profit. This value is $4,850,000. (Type a whole number.) k my instructor…arrow_forwardWe have the results from our first Facebook ad campaign. The following table summarizes the results broken down by age and whether the person seeing the add clicked through. Age 40 or under 85 Age more than 40 65 Total Clicked Through 150 Did Not Click 590 260 850 Total 675 325 1000 For our up(combing) (pun intended) campaign, I want to make it as effective as possible, a cut above all other ad campaigns! I'm thinking that since 85 (or 56.7%) of the 150 people who clicked through to our website are age 40 or less, we should focus our ads to only younger people. I'm not great with number though, and since I know you had a stats class in college, I wanted to get your opinion. Should we focus our adds only to those age 40 and under or should we do something else?arrow_forward
- Direction: Read the situation below. The complete the task that follows. You have got a rice store in your home. According to the news, Typhoon Ondoy will bring heavy rain to almost every part of Southern Luzon, including your location. At first, the rain seemed normal, but it's just not going to stop. There are fewer customers right now. With this rain, there may not be any more customers soon. It might flood in a bit, but if you close the store, you're not going to be able to feed your three children. So, you've decided not to close the store. There's news from your neighbors that your residence is already overflowing, and in a few minutes your store and the rest of the community will be flooded. Your family has been instructed by barangay officials to evacuate the public elementary school in the vicinity of School. Your family has been instructed by the Barangay officials to evacuate to a public elementary school located in your municipality. 1. Identify all the elements exposed to…arrow_forwardMegan used to work at the local pizzeria for $17,000 per year but quit in order to start her own deli. Last year, she paid $4,000 rent each month, $4,500 for employee payroll each month, and $1,500 for supplies each month. She was planning on selling $2,500 worth of furniture but ended up bringing the furniture to her new deli. She had total revenue of $150,000. She asked an accountant and an economist to calculate her annual costs. Accountant says cost is $120,000, and economist says her cost is $139,500. Accountant says cost is $139,500, and economist says her cost is $120,000. Accountant says cost is $10,000, and economist says her cost is $29,500. Accountant says cost is $30,000, and economist says her cost is $10,500.arrow_forwardText Problem 22-6 Question Help The cost structure of a manufacturer of microchips is described in the table shown below. The firm's fixed costs equal $10,000 per day. Calculate the average variable cost, average fixed cost, and average total cost at each output level. (Your answers should be rounded to the nearest cent.) Average Fixed Cost ($) Average Total Cost ($) Total Cost of Output (microchips per day) Average Variable Cost ($) Output $10,000 30,000 60,000 55,000 95.000 80,000 150.000 105,000 220,000 130,000 325,000 155.000 465.000arrow_forward
- Marty used to be a bartender making $5,000 a year but he quit in order to become a clown that does shows at birthday parties. His clown car and costumes cost $7,000 and he did a lot of shows in the past year, making $13,000 in revenue but paying $2,000 in variable costs for balloons, gas, etc. Marty asked an accountant and an economist to calculate his profit. What did they report?arrow_forwardManisha could work for another firm making $10,000 per month, but she decides to open her own gourmet cheese store and pay herself $2,000 per month. In her first month of operations, she spends $6,000 on cheese, $1,000 on other items, and $2,500 on rent. She had a great opening month, and brought in revenues of $14,500. According to her accountant, what are Manisha's profits?arrow_forwardOur firm’s accountants have put together the following table of costs. Generators Solar Panels Fixed Costs $2 million $2 million Variable Costs $2 million $2 million Revenue $3 million $5 million The accountants have assured us that there are no places to save money. We are at our profit maximizing quantities of each product. We are as efficient as any firm could possibly be. In answering the questions below, do not just say lower costs or increase sales. Explain all your answers. If you cannot explain why you are taking an action, then you are just guessing. How is this firm doing as a whole? How profitable are the two products individually? What would you recommend this firm do in the short run? What about the long run?arrow_forward
- The cost structure of a manufacturer of microchips is described in the table shown below. The firm's fixed costs equal $10,000 per day. Calculate the average variable cost, average fixed cost, and average total cost at each output level. (Your answers should be rounded to the nearest cent.) Output (microchips per day) Average Total Cost ($) Total Cost of Average Variable Cost ($) Average Fixed Cost ($) Output $10,000 20,000 60,000 45,000 95,000 70.000 150.000 95,000 220.000 120,000 325.000 145.000 465,000arrow_forwardces aw 1 Fill in the blanks in the table below. The problem is a "puzzle" so the blanks are not necessarily filled in sequentially. (Hint: Determine the total fixed cost first.) Instructions: Enter your answers rounded to two decimal places. Output 0 1 2 3 4 5 Average Fixed Cost $5.00 $1.67 $1.25 $1.00 Total Variable Cost $9.65 $18.62 $34.55 $41.55 Average Total Cost $11.81 $10.64 $9.89 $9.31arrow_forwardGive correct typing answer with explanationarrow_forward
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