econ monopoly workbook
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Economics
Date
Jun 27, 2024
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Monopoly vs. Perfect Competition
Monopoly
Perfect Competition
Price
Quantity
Consumer Surplus
Producer Surplus
Profit / Loss
Deadweight Loss
6
Natural Monopoly
Use the space provided below to define a natural monopoly
The key point is that a natural monopoly is characterized by increasing returns to scale at all levels of output within the constraints of the size of the market.– thus the long run cost per unit (LRAC) will drift lower as production expands. There may be room only for one supplier to reach the minimum efficient scale and achieve productive efficiency.
7
Regulating Natural Monopolies
Governments may choose to regulate the activities of a natural monopoly given that the profit-maximizing price would be too high and the output too low, leaving significant inefficiencies in the market.
Profit-maximizing Price and Output
Socially Optimum Price and Output (P=MC)
Fair-return Price and Output (P=ATC)
Which of the above price / output combinations is the best? Explain.
8
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Related Questions
You are the manager of a monopoly.
If the marginal cost of your product is $100 and the price elasticity of demand for your product is 3, then the markup of price over marginal
cost you should set is equal to. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
(Round your answer to one decimal place.)
If the price elasticity of demand is 6 rather than 3, the markup you should set is equal to
Use your knowledge of the factors that affect the magnitude of the price elasticity of demand to explain the difference in the markups in your
answers to the last two parts.
O A. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that your good is a normal good, which allows you to set a higher markup.
OB. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that there are many substitutes for your good, which allows you to set a higher
markup.
OC. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that there are few substitutes for a good, which allows you to set a higher markup.
D. A smaller price elasticity of demand…
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The market demand for a monopoly is given by P = 90 – 2Q, where Q is the number of the product demanded at price P. The total cost function is given by TC = 90 + 20Q +0.5Q2. a) If the firm is a single-price monopoly, what are the equilibrium quantity and price? What are the resultant consumer surplus, producer surplus and social welfare? b) If the government forced the firm to behave as if it were a perfect competitor, what are the equilibrium quantity and price? What are the resultant consumer surplus, producer surplus and social welfare? c) How much does social welfare increase when the firm moves from monopoly to competition?
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Please note: I had to adjust the MC and ATC curves on this
problem, but the labels for MC and ATC did not move. So, the dark blue line is the ATC line, and the red
line is the MC
line.
Calculate the firm's profit if they are a single-price monopoly:
Profit = $
Calculate the firm's profit if they are a perfect price discriminating monopoly:
Profit = $
Calculate the firm's profit if they price discriminate as follows: Sell the first 2500 units at a high price and the
rest of the units at a low price:
Profit = $
Calculate the firm's profit if they price discriminate as follows: Sell the first 2000 units at a high price, the
next 1000 units at a medium price, and the rest of the units at a low price:
Profit = $
30-
28-
26-
Price and cost (dollars per unit)
24-
22-
20-
18-17.5
16-
14-
12-
10-
8-
6-
4-
2-
0+
0.0
MC
2.0
ATC
€2.5 MR
3.0
1.0
5.0
4.0
Quantity (thousands of units per year)
D
6.0
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A monopoly can be recognized by certain characteristics that set it aside from the other market structures. Explain THREE (3) reasons why a monopoly firm is a price-maker in microeconomics.
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What happens if a perfectly competitive industry becomes
a monopoly?
Suppose the demand curve in the figure is market demand and the
corresponding market supply curve represents the marginal cost of
production.
Compared to perfect competition, a profit-maximizing monopoly
would decrease output by 2 units. (Enter your response as
an integer)
In addition, a monopoly would lower price by $12
Price and cost per unit
20-
18-
10-
14-
12-
10-
8-
8-
4-
2
SMC
D
G
MR
2
°
10 12 14 10
18
20
Quantity
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A monopoly profit-maximizes by selling 700 tables each hour. At this level of
production, it has marginal revenue of $40, average revenue of $50, marginal cost
of $40 and average total cost of $42. What is the monopoly's profit-maximizing
price assuming they are not price discriminating?
Type your numeric answer and submit
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What is the price (p) and output (q) level for profit maximization under monopoly structure?
Find the total revenue (TR) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle OABE)
Find the total cost (TC) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle ODCE)
Find total profit (or loss) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle ABDC)
Note: Show the formula and calculation
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The graph shows the relevant curves for a natural monopoly. Assume that in regulating this monopoly, policy makers have
directed the firm to follow an average cost pricing rule, where there is a regulated fair-return price.
What is the firm's profit? If the firm is losing money, express the loss as a negative number. Round to the nearest penny.
Price ($)
36.9
31.6
25.9
22.6
18.5
16.7
15.2
11.7
10.3
Marginal revenue
11.1 16.5
29.5
Average cost
Marginal cost
Demand
37.5
Quantity
$
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You are the manager of a monopoly, and your demand and cost functions are given by P = 300 – 3Q and C(Q) = 1,500 + 2Q2, respectively.
What price-quantity combination maximizes your firm’s profits?
Calculate the maximum profits.
Is demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic at the profit-maximizing price-quantity combination?
What price-quantity combination maximizes revenue?
Calculate the maximum revenues?
Is demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic at the revenue-maximizing price-quantity combination?
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Suppose a monopoly firm in the short run experiences an increase in the price of oil, a
variable cost. Using a clearly labeled figure, show the effect of this increase on the price,
quantity and profits of the firm.
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The government is contemplating regulating the monopoly and forcing it to operate at the competitive solution. Please
indicate graphically the resulting welfare gains to society (hint: the gains are equal to the deadweight loss of a
monopoly). Explain your response briefly.
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Suppose a monopoly is producing at its profit-maximising (loss-minimizing) quantity, and the price corresponding to this quantity is below average total cost but above average variable cost. The monopoly will
shut down in the short run but return to production in the long run
shut down in the short run and exit the market in the long run
keep producing both in the short run and in the long run
keep producing in the short run but exit the market in the long run
None of the above.
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The demand and total cost functions for a monopoly firm are:Q(P) = 39.5 – 0.5PTC(Q) = 60 – Q + 0.5 Q2a) Plot the demand, marginal revenue, marginal cost, and average total cost curves, including the intersections with the horizontal and vertical axes. b) What are the profit maximising QM and PM for this firm? c) What is the firm’s profit πM? d) What are the firm's fixed and variable costs? e) What would be the socially optimal Q* and P* (round to 1 decimal place if needed)?
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Is this a natural monopoly?
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Given the following information for a monopoly firm:
Demand: P = 80 - 5(Q)
Marginal revenue: MR = 80 - 10(Q)
Marginal cost: MC = 2(Q) + 8
Average total cost at equilibrium is 30
1. At what output (Q) will this firm maximize profit? Number
2. At what price (P) will this firm maximize profit Number
3. What is the total revenue (TR) earned at this output level Number
4. What is the total cost (TC) accrued at this output Number
Number
5. What profit is earned
Assume this firm is to be regulated. Answer the following questions:
6. Under the Marginal Cost Pricing,what is the optimal quantity Number
7. Under the Marginal Cost Pricing,what is the optimal price Number
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a) Outline the main factors that have led to the emergence of a monopoly.
b) Explain why a perfectly competitive firm is a `price-taker` while a monopoly firm ( a monopolist )will be a `price-maker`.
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NOTE: Please answer from d-i
A monopoly firm faces a demand curve given by the following equation: P = $500 − 10Q, where Q equals quantity sold per day. Its marginal cost curve is MC = $100 per day. Assume that the firm faces no fixed cost. You may wish to arrive at the answers mathematically, or by using a graph (the graph is not required to be presented), either way, please provide a brief description of how you arrived at your results.
a) How much will the firm produce?b) How much will it charge?c) Can you determine its profit per day? (Hint: you can; state how much it is.)d) Suppose a tax of $1,000 per day is imposed on the firm. How will this affect its price?e) How would the $1,000 per day tax its output per day?f) How would the $1,000 per day tax affect its profit per day?g) Now suppose a tax of $100 per unit is imposed. How will this affect the firm’s price?h) How would a $100 per unit tax affect the firm’s profit-maximizing output per day?i) How…
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In many countries, the government chooses to "internalize" the monopoly by owning monopoly providers of goods and services. (In some cases these firms are "nationalized" and the government actually buys or confiscates firms that operate in monopoly markets). Explain TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages of such an approach
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If a monopoly faces an inverse demand curve of
p=210-Q,
has a constant marginal and average cost of $30, and can perfectly price discriminate, what is its profit? What are the consumer surplus, welfare, and deadweight loss? How would these results
change if the firm were a single-price monopoly?
Profit from perfect price discrimination (x) is $ 16200. (Enter your response as a whole number.)
Corresponding consumer surplus is (enter your response as whole numbers):
welfare is
and deadweight loss is
CS=$0,
W=$ 16200.
DWL=$0.
Profit from single-price profit-maximization is = $8100 (Enter your response as a whole number.)
Corresponding consumer surplus is (enter your response as whole numbers):
welfare is
and deadweight loss is
CS = $.
W=$.
DWL=$
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The figure shows the market demand curve for penicillin, an antibiotic medicine. Initially, the
market was supplied by perfectly competitive firms. Later, the government granted the exclusive
right to produce and sell penicillin to one firm. The figure also shows the marginal revenue curve
(MR) of the firm once it begins to operate as a monopoly. The marginal cost is constant at $3.
irrespective of the market structure.
After the market changes from perfect competition to a monopoly..
OA. social surplus decreases
OB. consumer surplus increases.
OC. deadweight loss decreases
OD. the market price decreases
-COD-
Price/Cost (5)
10
9
10
20
30
MR
40 60 00
Demand
70
BO
so Quanety
(units)
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Consider a market with a common demand function given by Q = 100 - 2P, where Q represents
quantity and P represents price. The total cost function for firms in this market is TC=1000+
50².
a) For a monopoly, calculate the profit-maximizing price, quantity, consumer surplus, producer
surplus, and deadweight loss.
b) Compare the monopoly equilibrium to the equilibrium in perfect competition. Calculate the
price, quantity, consumer surplus, producer surplus, and deadweight loss under perfect
competition.
c) Use a single graph to illustrate both the monopoly and perfect competition equilibriums.
4
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Examine the fundamental concepts of
monopoly and profit maximization in the
context of a monopolist facing a specific total
cost function and demand function. Discuss the
implications of the given total cost function TC
= 550 + 6Q +0.2Q^2 and demand function Q = 1
00-3P on the monopolist's production and
pricing decisions. Explore the process of
determining the profit-maximizing quantity and
price and analyze the economic rationale
behind these calculations. Discuss the
relationship between marginal cost, marginal
revenue, and elasticity of demand in the
monopolistic setting, and consider how these
factors influence the monopolist's output and
pricing strategy. Please calculate and find
answer detailly step by step because I want to
understand how calculate this type of exercises.
And please don't put answers of other experts
which answered this question before I asked
you.Do calculations right. Because of wrong
calculation i use my another question chance.
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1750
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
1200
3600
6000
8400
The figure above shows demand and marginal revenue for a single price monopoly.
At any price above $
demand is elastic.
Assume production costs are constant and equal to $750.00 (i.e., AC = MC = $750).
1) Output is
units per day at a price of $
per unit.
2) Profit is $
3) Consumer surplus is $
4) If this market was perfectly competitive, output would exceed the single-price monopoly output by
Time
units.
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
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Related Questions
- You are the manager of a monopoly. If the marginal cost of your product is $100 and the price elasticity of demand for your product is 3, then the markup of price over marginal cost you should set is equal to. (Round your answer to one decimal place.) (Round your answer to one decimal place.) If the price elasticity of demand is 6 rather than 3, the markup you should set is equal to Use your knowledge of the factors that affect the magnitude of the price elasticity of demand to explain the difference in the markups in your answers to the last two parts. O A. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that your good is a normal good, which allows you to set a higher markup. OB. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that there are many substitutes for your good, which allows you to set a higher markup. OC. A smaller price elasticity of demand suggests that there are few substitutes for a good, which allows you to set a higher markup. D. A smaller price elasticity of demand…arrow_forwardThe market demand for a monopoly is given by P = 90 – 2Q, where Q is the number of the product demanded at price P. The total cost function is given by TC = 90 + 20Q +0.5Q2. a) If the firm is a single-price monopoly, what are the equilibrium quantity and price? What are the resultant consumer surplus, producer surplus and social welfare? b) If the government forced the firm to behave as if it were a perfect competitor, what are the equilibrium quantity and price? What are the resultant consumer surplus, producer surplus and social welfare? c) How much does social welfare increase when the firm moves from monopoly to competition?arrow_forwardPlease note: I had to adjust the MC and ATC curves on this problem, but the labels for MC and ATC did not move. So, the dark blue line is the ATC line, and the red line is the MC line. Calculate the firm's profit if they are a single-price monopoly: Profit = $ Calculate the firm's profit if they are a perfect price discriminating monopoly: Profit = $ Calculate the firm's profit if they price discriminate as follows: Sell the first 2500 units at a high price and the rest of the units at a low price: Profit = $ Calculate the firm's profit if they price discriminate as follows: Sell the first 2000 units at a high price, the next 1000 units at a medium price, and the rest of the units at a low price: Profit = $ 30- 28- 26- Price and cost (dollars per unit) 24- 22- 20- 18-17.5 16- 14- 12- 10- 8- 6- 4- 2- 0+ 0.0 MC 2.0 ATC €2.5 MR 3.0 1.0 5.0 4.0 Quantity (thousands of units per year) D 6.0arrow_forward
- A monopoly can be recognized by certain characteristics that set it aside from the other market structures. Explain THREE (3) reasons why a monopoly firm is a price-maker in microeconomics.arrow_forwardWhat happens if a perfectly competitive industry becomes a monopoly? Suppose the demand curve in the figure is market demand and the corresponding market supply curve represents the marginal cost of production. Compared to perfect competition, a profit-maximizing monopoly would decrease output by 2 units. (Enter your response as an integer) In addition, a monopoly would lower price by $12 Price and cost per unit 20- 18- 10- 14- 12- 10- 8- 8- 4- 2 SMC D G MR 2 ° 10 12 14 10 18 20 Quantityarrow_forwardA monopoly profit-maximizes by selling 700 tables each hour. At this level of production, it has marginal revenue of $40, average revenue of $50, marginal cost of $40 and average total cost of $42. What is the monopoly's profit-maximizing price assuming they are not price discriminating? Type your numeric answer and submitarrow_forward
- What is the price (p) and output (q) level for profit maximization under monopoly structure? Find the total revenue (TR) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle OABE) Find the total cost (TC) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle ODCE) Find total profit (or loss) for monopoly firm (refer to rectangle ABDC) Note: Show the formula and calculationarrow_forwardThe graph shows the relevant curves for a natural monopoly. Assume that in regulating this monopoly, policy makers have directed the firm to follow an average cost pricing rule, where there is a regulated fair-return price. What is the firm's profit? If the firm is losing money, express the loss as a negative number. Round to the nearest penny. Price ($) 36.9 31.6 25.9 22.6 18.5 16.7 15.2 11.7 10.3 Marginal revenue 11.1 16.5 29.5 Average cost Marginal cost Demand 37.5 Quantity $arrow_forwardYou are the manager of a monopoly, and your demand and cost functions are given by P = 300 – 3Q and C(Q) = 1,500 + 2Q2, respectively. What price-quantity combination maximizes your firm’s profits? Calculate the maximum profits. Is demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic at the profit-maximizing price-quantity combination? What price-quantity combination maximizes revenue? Calculate the maximum revenues? Is demand elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic at the revenue-maximizing price-quantity combination?arrow_forward
- Suppose a monopoly firm in the short run experiences an increase in the price of oil, a variable cost. Using a clearly labeled figure, show the effect of this increase on the price, quantity and profits of the firm.arrow_forwardThe government is contemplating regulating the monopoly and forcing it to operate at the competitive solution. Please indicate graphically the resulting welfare gains to society (hint: the gains are equal to the deadweight loss of a monopoly). Explain your response briefly.arrow_forwardSuppose a monopoly is producing at its profit-maximising (loss-minimizing) quantity, and the price corresponding to this quantity is below average total cost but above average variable cost. The monopoly will shut down in the short run but return to production in the long run shut down in the short run and exit the market in the long run keep producing both in the short run and in the long run keep producing in the short run but exit the market in the long run None of the above.arrow_forward
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- Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
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ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
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