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Project
Resources Document
.
If you do not have the materials to complete this experiment, please contact your instructor.
Project 5: Rock Candy Lab Report
Name:
Nathalie Becerra Toledo
EXPERIMENTAL QUESTION:
How does the amount of sugar in a
supersaturated solution affect how soon crystallization occurs?
HYPOTHESIS – 10 pts
Think back to your hypothesis from the pre-lab quiz. Restate your hypothesis here and be sure to
read feedback that may have been left from your instructor. Remember to use an “If
……
,
then
……
.” statement.
Remember: You can get the hypothesis from the “Pre-Lab Quiz”.
So, If we Increase the amount of sugar in a supersaturated solution. It will slow down the
crystallization process.
MATERIALS – 5 pts
List the materials used in your experiment
.
1 cup water per candy solution
White granulated sugar or brown sugar
Crystal collectors, such as sticks , string or straws
4 solution containers , see through
Small saucepan
Measuring pan
Stove
Wooden spoon
Oven mitt
Funnel or ladle
PROCEDURE – 5 pts
Make a numbered, step by step list of short instructions describing how the experiment was
performed. The procedure should have enough detail so that another person could follow and
repeat the experiment.
1. Boil 1 cup of water in a small saucepan on medium heat.
2. Add 2.75 cups of sugar to the boiling water, ½ cup at a time, stirring until dissolved.
3. Let the sugar-water solution cool.
4. Set up the crystal collector in the solution container without touching the sides or bottom.
5. Carefully pour the cooled solution into the container around the crystal collector.
6. Allow the container to cool completely without disturbance.
7. Monitor the crystals daily for a week, noting observations.
8. Repeat steps 1-7 with 3 cups of sugar, then with 3.25 cups, and finally with 3.5 cups.
9. After a week, remove the crystal collector, break it free from crystals, and dry the rock candy on
wax paper.
RESULTS: Data Tables - 20 pts
Please record your data in the tables provided. You can edit these tables, if you need to, but you
must include all of your raw data from the experiment.
(Be sure to include
units
!).
Data Table 1: Sugar Amounts in Solution - 10 pts
Solution number
Amount added
1
2.75
2
3
3
3.25
4
3.73
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Related Questions
5. Suppose you have a mixture of water and your 2-chloro-2-methylbutane product in a separatory funnel. Use densities to predict which phase will be the top layer in the funnel.
a. 2-chloro-2-methylbutane (organic phase)
b. water (aqueous phase)
c. there would only be one phase since the substances are miscible
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1.Based on the results of your experiment, do you have hard or soft water? Does this match the data for your area? Briefly explain your answer.
2.How much calcium would you ingest by drinking one 8 oz glass of your tap water? Show all calculations.
3.What percentage of the recommended daily dose of calcium (1,150 mg/day) does 1.0 L of your water provide? Show all calculations.
4. A complexometric titration can also be used to determine the amount of calcium in milk. The calcium concentration in milk is typically 1,200 mg/L. How would you alter the procedure used in this experiment to determine milk’s calcium content?
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B
assignment Booklet
Unit A Review
6. A 400-g sample of water contains 4.50 x 10 g of arsenic.
a. Calculate the concentration of arsenic in the water sample in parts per
million. Show your work.
b. Use the table on page 42 of the textbook to determine whether this
sample of water is safe to drink.
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Directions Through the given situations below, answer the following questions
1 A mixture of monosodium glutamate, white sugar, salt and benzoic acid is to be melted by a group of Grade 7 students to determine the behavior of the mother during melting Predict how the mixture will look like as it is being heated. Explain your answer
SUBSTANCE
Sali
White sugar
Monosodium glutamate
Benzoic acid
MELTING POINT
801 C
186 C
232 C
122 C
2. Theo wants to observe what will happen to substance X (melting point is at 78 C) after heating it on an evaporating dish. After heating for a few minutes, substance X starts
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Help
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out of
Express your answer with three significant digits. Do not include units!
g/mol
A sample solution has a concentration of 12.4% by mass.
What mass of solute (in g) is present in 50.0 g of this sample solution?
Express your answer with three significant digits. Do not include units!
g
+ Chemistry 20 Final Exam Equation Sheet (click to open) page 1
11
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2. In case of an accident in the classroom, who should be notified immediately?
3. Why is it a safety procedure to tie back long hair in the laboratory?
4. Why should a student not eat or drink in the laboratory?
5. Why should any spills be reported and cleaned immediately?
6. Why should you wash your hands after every laboratory period?
7. Why is rough play in the laboratory dangerous?
8. When would the wearing of safety goggles be a proper procedure?
7
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Mary are trying to increase the rate at which she can dissolve a large amount of sodium chloride into water to make a solution to use in lab.
Which of the following would be the BEST method of doing this?
A
heat the water and use small pieces of sodium chloride
B
heat the water and use a large piece of sodium chloride
C
stir and heat the mixture and use small pieces of sodium chloride
D
stir and heat the mixture and use a large piece of sodium chloride
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A student peeled the skins from grapes, exposing cells with membranes that are only permeable to water and small
diffusible solutes. The student measured the mass of the peeled grapes. The student then placed each peeled grape into
one of five solutions. After 24 hours, the student removed the peeled grapes from the solutions, measured their final
mass, and calculated the percent change in mass (Table 1).
TABLE 1. PERCENT CHANGE IN MASS OF PEELED GRAPES IN SOLUTIONS
Concentration of Solution
Solution
Percent Change in Mass
(weight/volume)
Distilled water
0%
13.48%
Naci
20%
-23.39%
Tap water
0.8%
9.46%
Grape juice
2.1%
2.8%
Grape soda
13%
-15.00%
In a second experiment (Table 2), the student placed a peeled grape into a solution containing both small diffusible
solutes and solutes to which the membrane is impermeable (nondiffusible solutes).
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12. The unknown liquids you will use in this experiment are the three compounds below.
Draw Lewis structures of each of these compounds. (A Google search for these
structures might be helpful.)
Isopropyl alcohol
Water
Hexane
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a.acetone and water
b.water and methanol
c.acetone and ethanol
d.methanol and ethanol
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Which of these will NOT dissolve in water?
a.table salt
b.sugar
c.vinegar
d.bacon fat
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Subparts 4-6
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Can you help me understand how to get the dilution factors for each tube, please?
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Pre-lab question #4: Distinguish between volatile and nonvolatile substance.
The word "volatile" refers to a substance that vaporizes readily. Volatility is a
measure of how readily a substance vaporizes or transitions from a liquid phase to a
gas phase.
A
A (volatile/nonvolatile) substance refers to a substance
that does not readily evaporate into a gas under existing conditions.
A
AA (volatile/nonvolatile) substance is one that evaporates
or sublimates at room temperature or below.
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Posttest
Direction. Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. Water exists in three states of matter and continuously moving through a cycle
on Earth. At which stage in the water cycle does water transform from a gas to a
liquid?
a.evaporation
c. precipitation
b. condensation
d. Sublimation
2.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) forms when coal burns in the presence of oxygen. Which
of the following is the BEST evidence that a chemical reaction occurs when the coal
burns?
a. Production of mechanical energy c. A new substance is produced
b. Production of electricity
d. Formation of precipitate
3.Which of these does NOT happen during a chemical change?
a. New substances are formed with different chemical properties.
b. Attractive force between atoms of molecule formed or break.
c. The chemical properties of the substances before and after the reaction are
the same
d. Energy is always released or absorbed.
4. A granular substance is added to a liquid. Which of the…
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Please answer question and give a brief explination why
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STANDARD SAMPLE PREPARATIONS FOR ABSORBANCE & CONCENTRATION DATA
Concentration of stock nickel sulfate hexahydrate solution = .400 Molarity
Sample
Volume
Absorbance
Concentration (In Molarity)
a
5 mL
.179
10 mL
.329
15 mL
.588
20 mL
.760
25 mL
.939
Reference Blank = 0
Please show how to find Molarity, please show
steps. Thank you and stay safe.
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4. Which mixture(s) can be separated into its components using filtration?
A. oil + vinegar
B. sand + iron filings
C. pure water
D. salt + sugar
E. sand + water
Examine the solubility chart below and answer questions 5-12
KNO
le ww
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O a. 52 mL
O b.59 mL
O c. 55 mL
O d. 48 mL
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your dilution factor?
3. A 1 ug/ml solution is diluted so it is half as concentrated as the stock.
What is the concentration of the new solution in ng/ml?
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4. Calcium Hydroxide Solution (Lime Water) and olive oil are used because
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What is the emulsifying agent that is formed?
a. calcium succinate
b. calcium oleate
c. succinic hydroxide
d. palmitic hydroxide
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NEED A HELP WITH THIS QUESTION 02
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What is the answer of this?
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TRUE OR FALSE
__________ 6. Glassware is clean when no water droplets cling to the inner wall of the vessel.
__________ 7. When smelling the odor of a chemical substance, fan your hand over the
substance toward your nose which should be centimeters away from the
substance.
__________ 8. An accident as simple as breaking a beaker containing distilled water in the
sink does not need to be reported to the laboratory instructor.
__________ 9. Students should turn off cell phones, iPads, and other electronic devices during
the laboratory class.
__________ 10. It is a good laboratory protocol to call other students’ attention when they do
not practice good laboratory safety procedures.
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(y-axis) for the data in section B above.
Find the straight line equation.
The graph has to be manual on
graph paper, and you should draw a best-fit straight line.
11. Calculate the density of 35% NaCl from your graph.
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B.91.8 mL
C.14.4 mL
D.72.3 mL
E.69.4 mL
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What will be the result of Sam’s experiment, and which statement should he use as his conclusion?
A
A greater amount of sugar dissolved in hot water because temperature is directly proportional to the
solubility rate of sugar in water.
B
Temperature does not affect the solubility rate of the sugar cube in water because sugar dissolves
equally in both cold and hot water.
C
A greater amount of sugar dissolved in hot water because temperature is inversely proportional to
the solubility rate of sugar in water.
D
A smaller amount of sugar dissolved in cold water because temperature is inversely proportional to
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