Week 3 in-class assignment

n which situation would it make sense to use the morphological species concept?     When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed     When working with fossils from extinct organisms     When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study     When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data

Make a list of at least 10 morphological characters that you might use to generate a phylogenetic tree of the Caminalcules. Ignore the numbers found next to each Caminalcules- they do not represent who evolved first, second, etc.   2.Construct a phylogenetic tree of relationships (Hint: it may be easiest to cut out the critters so you can move them easily and then paste on them on a paper and draw the branches accordingly).     3.Identify at least 2 recent common ancestors and write at least three critical morphological changes along the branches on which they occurred. For example, did the claws appear (or disappear) as the different species evolved?     4.Take a picture of your phylogenetic tree and submit it with this document.   ***Please note, this lab can be frustrating because you are “creating” the evolutionary story of how these critters evolved and who is more closely related to who (or not) along the way. There is no wrong answer since every student will focus on different…

1. Contrast homology and analogy. Give an example of homoplasy. 2. Discuss adaptation and preadaptation. 3. Compare and contrast divergent, convergent, parallel, and organic evolution. 4. What is a vestigial structure? A rudimentary structure? 5. Describe heterochrony – specifically paedogenesis, neoteny, and paedomorphosis.

Create a phylogenetic tree

Gibbons Orangutans Gorillas Chimpanzees Humans Other hominids Last common ancestor of apes and humans Refer to the above diagram to answer the question. a) Which group is most closely related to humans. Explain how vou know usir 17 étv MacBook Pro 986 $ 4 * 7 8 E T. Y U

4) Pretend it's a year later, and you have collected more data to make a more detailed phylogeny. You notice that some of these species of birds are sexually dimorphic (males have significantly different plumage than females, generally much brighter!). You also notice that in some of these species both parents feed the offspring, while in others only the female feeds the offspring. You imagine that having bright males near the nest may tend to attract predators to the young. You want to distinguish between two hypotheses to explain the patterns you see: 1) Males not feeding the young is an adaptation to dimorphism 2) If males don’t feed the young in a species, it will allow them to become brightly colored To begin to address this question, map the characters changes in dimorphism and males feeding the young onto each of the trees on the previous page. CHARACTER SEXUAL DIMORPHISM MALES FEED YOUNG Cassin's Vireo Red Fox Sparrow Cape May Warbler Cedar Waxwing Golden-Crowned Kinglet…

Phylogeny refers to the evolutionary descent of taxa. It refers to the relationship between ancestors and descendants and relationships among descendant taxa. It shows the lineage of taxa which can be summarized in a branching diagram called a phylogenetic tree.1. Express some basic evolutionary relationships among groups of microorganisms, plants, and animals;  2. Illustrate the relationship of organisms with their environment; and  3. Analyze environmental factors contributing to biodiversity richness and loss

This is the place to interpret your results and state whether or not your data supported your hypotheses. For this particular lab, you should discuss the discrepancies (if any) between your data and suggest about reproductive isolation in these two groups of isopods and what actually happens in nature. my hypotheses were: survivors will be faster than victims and survivors will be smaller than victims. PLEASE DO NOT USE AI, I run it through a AI detector, and check for plagerism, the last time I used this is was through AI and I pay for this subscription... I could run it through AI myself  thank you so much for your help!

Look at picture attached A) What does the phylogeny suggest about the evolutionary process that led to the trait differences by habitat? a. convergent evolution b. adaptive radiation c. phenotypic plasticity B) Choose different functional forms from two of the habitats shown in the collage and describe how one or more differences in form may represent an adaptation to their different environment. Example: compare plant form for lobeliads in montane bog to cloud forest understory

Examine the following phylogenetic tree illustrated in Figure shown in the first picture. In general, what does a phylogenetic tree illustrate?  How do you compare the relationships of organisms BB, CC, and DD?  Given the following organisms in the Table in the second picture, number them in terms of which is relatively closest and distant. Number 1 refers to closest.

Using the graph on nucleotides answer the phylogeny question. I'm confused about which tree would match better. The top phylogenetic tree seems correct, but it doesn't match the graph. I feel the bottom phylogenetic tree matches the graph. I'm not sure can anyone explain which would be correct?

Please help Sketch the phylogenetic tree

Part I: Construct a phylogeny Below is a list of seven hypothetical, currently-living species (A-G), and eleven of their character states (i.e., traits). You will use these traits to construct your tree. Species Character states green еyes green no no egg wings claws hair A scales tail carnivore teeth spots horns layer green eyes green no egg В scales wings horns tail carnivore hair teeth spots claws layer egg layer green green no no scales wings claws tail carnivore hair spots eyes horns teeth no no no egg no no scales red eyes wings claws layer no tail carnivore spots horns hair teeth no no egg layer no no E spots red eyes horns scales claws tail carnivore wings hair teeth no no no live no F spots red eyes wings claws carnivore tail hair scales horns birth teeth no no no live no G spots red eyes wings claws tail herbivore hair scales horns birth teeth Assume that the extinct ancestor of this group, at the root of the phylogenetic tree, had the following features: no spots, no scales,…

Construct a cladogram (This is all about Biology: Systematics Based on Evolutionary Relationships: Cladistics and Phylogeny). Steps: 1. Choose a group of organisms (e.g. invertebrates);2. Download pictures of different species.3. In tabular form, list all the characters. Evaluate the characters (whether primitive or derived).4. Remember that in building your cladogram, use only shared derived characters.5. Construct your own cladogram.

w4 apply

Which of the following is TRUE about a phylogenetic tree? It provides a drawing the reflects the proven relationships between living and extinct species. b It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between extinct species. c It provides a hypothetical model of the relationships between living and extinct species. d It a diagram used by scientists that provides a model of evolutionary relationships without the need for scientific data.

Shows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific period

Give a Darwinian explanation of how cheetahs evolved to become faster. Your explanation is how natural selection works using Cheetahs as an example. Be sure to include andexplain the ideas of differential reproductive success and descent with modification. (You do not need to mention the formation of new species.)

Please match for each of the parts, this is one question, I attached in the images

1. What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?2. How do biologists define a “biological species”?3. Why is reproductive isolation such a driving force in the process of speciation? 4. To which prezygotic isolation mechanism does each example below correspond: habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, gametic isolation? Parasites exploit new host species. Differences in binding protein allow sperm to fertilize. Pines release pollen in different seasons. Fireflies give specific patterns of signals. Plant floral tubes have different lengths.5. What evidence shows that allopatric speciation can occur in fruit flies raised on different food sources?

What are potential applications of cladistics and phylogenetics? Select all that apply.   Assess the relatedness of different species and genera within a family of organisms   Predict pathogen-host associations and potential disease risk in target populations   Correlate evolutionary divergences among a species with the behavior and dispersal patterns of existing populations   Assess the diversity of target species or groups for conservation efforts

Evolution is the theory that species change over time. According to this theory, new species form from existing species through variation and natural selection. The evolutionary process is very slow and the transformation of one species into another requires thousands of years. Several evidences are used to prove evolution and somehow reconstruct how this process occur: 1.Fossil Records. 2.Homologous Body Structures. 3.Vestigial structures. 4.Similarity of embryo. 5.Geographical evidence

Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.

Please answer question 3

Suppose a new monkey species, Species A, has just been discovered.  You are a primatologist, and you are trying to determine its phylogenetic position.  You are sure its closest relatives are Species B and Species C, but you want to know which one it is more closely related to or if it is equally closely related to both.  You are using Species D, a more distant relative, as the outgroup.  You have come up with a list of ten characters you think will be useful in resolving this phylogeny, and you have determined the character state of each species for each character.  The character states are: (in image below) Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible phylogenies for species A, B, and C and determining which tree requires the fewest evolutionary changes. HINT: First, review the carnivorans problem in Section 4.3 of the Zimmer and Emlen textbook.  To solve the above problem, assume the outgroup has the ancestral character state for each…

To apply parsimony to constructing a phylogenetic tree, (A) choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally probable. (B) choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared derived characters as possible. (C) choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes,in either DNA sequences or morphology. (D) choose the tree with the fewest branch points.

Phylogenetic trees are diagrams used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. _______  trees have a single ancestral line to which all organisms in the diagram relate to. ______  do not have a common ancestor but do show relationships among species.

What is a cladogram? A cladogram is a diagram that shows relations among organisms. A cladogram uses lines that branch to end at groups of organisms with a common ancestor. The image shows the relationship among groups A, B, and C. Closely related organisms will have one or more SHARED TRAITS, indicated by the green and orange circles. 1. Which two organisms are most closely related? 2. The green dot indicates a trait that is shared by every animal on the diagram. Suggest a trait that would apply. 3. Animals A & B share a trait that animal C does not have, indicated by the orange circle. Suggest a trait that would apply. Source: https//commons wikimedia org/wiki/File Identical cladograms svg B.

3. Module 1. Ecomarobs a. Observe the morphologies of the eight different lizard species. For now, assume that you have just discovered these lizards and you don't even know if they are 8 different species or 1 species or some other number of species. You just have 8 lizards, 4 from each island. b. Following the module, group the lizards by morphology. i. How many groups did you find?_ ii. What sorts of traits or characters did you use to group the lizards? c. Then take some more careful measurements as shown and regroup them if needed. i. Did your measurements match the reference set? ii. Compare Lamellae Count, Relative Hindlimb Length, and Relative Tail Length among your specimens, and regroup your species based on these characters. iii. Did your groupings change? If so, how? iv. Watch the video to see if your conclusions match those of Dr. Losos d. Now. If this is all you knew about these lizards, how many "species" would you conclude there are? e. What sort of species definition…