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PULMONARY FUNCTION I
·
Volumes and Capacities
DATA REPORT
Student’s Name: Kristina Hicks
Lab Section: ES 2050-205
Date: 3/25/21
Subject Profile
Name:
Gail
Height:
65 in
Gender: Male / Female
Age:
20
Weight:
125 lbs
I.
Data and Calculations
A.
Vital Capacity
i ) Predicted
: Use the equation below to calculate your
Predicted Vital Capacity
(Liters):
3.719 Liters
Equations for Predicted Vital Capacity
(Kory, Hamilton, Callahan: 1960)
Where
V.C. = Vital Capacity in liters
H = Height in centimeters
A = Age in years
Male
V.C. = 0.052H - 0.022A – 3.60
Female
V.C. = 0.041H - 0.018A – 2.69
ii) Observed
: Use the Channel 2 P-P result to note
Observed Vital Capacity
(Liters):
2.532 Liters
iii) Observed
vs.
Predicted
What is Subject’s observed Vital Capacity to predicted Vital Capacity as a percentage (use calculation
below)?
Observed/Predicted VC = 2.532 Liters/3.719 Liters x 100 = 68 %
Note
: Vital capacities are dependent on other factors besides age and height. Therefore, 80% of
predicted values are still considered “normal.”
B.
Volume & Capacity Measurements
Complete Table 12.2 with the requested measurement results and calculate results per the formulas provided.
Table 12.2 Measurements
Title
Measurement
Result
Calculation
Tidal Volume
(TV) Liters
[use
Channel 2 P-P
]
a = Cycle 3 inhale:
b = Cycle 3 exhale:
c = Cycle 4 inhale:
d = Cycle 4 exhale:
0.508 Liters
0.419 Liters
0.584 Liters
0.538 Liters
(a + b + c + d) / 4
=
0.512
Liters
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(IRV) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Delta
]
1.250 Liters
--no calculation--
Expiratory Reserve Volume
(ERV) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Delta;
ignore
negative sign
]
0.839 Liters
--no calculation--
Residual Volume
(RV) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Min
]
1.000 Liters
Default = 1
Inspiratory Capacity
(IC) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Delta
]
1.722 Liters
TV + IRV =
1.762
Liters
Expiratory Capacity
(EC) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Delta;
ignore
negative sign
]
1.257 Liters
TV + ERV =
1.351
Liters
Functional Residual Capacity
(FRC) Liters
--no measurement--
ERV + RV =
1.839
Liters
Total Lung Capacity
(TLC) Liters
[=use
Channel 2 Max
]
3.532 Liters
IRV + TV +
ERV + RV =
3.601
Liters
C
.
Observed vs. Predicted Volumes
Using data obtained for Table 12.2, compare Subject’s lung volumes with the average volumes
presented in the Introduction.
Table 12.3 Average Volumes
vs.
Measured Volumes
Volume Title
Average Volume
Measured
Volume
Tidal Volume
(TV)
(from Table 12.2)
Resting subject, normal
breathing: TV is approximately
500 ml.
During exercise: TV can be more
than 3 liters
greater than
equal to
less than
(circle one)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(IRV)
(from Table 12.2)
Resting IRV for young adults is
males = approximately 3,300 ml
females = approximately 1,900 ml
greater than
equal to
less than
(circle one)
Expiratory Reserve Volume
(ERV)
(from Table 12.2)
Resting ERV for young adults is
males = approximately 1,000 ml
females = approximately 700 ml
greater than
equal to less
than
(circle one)
II. Questions
D. Why does predicted vital capacity vary with height?
Vital capacity is the change in volume of the lung after the maximal amount of inspiration followed by
the maximal amount of expiration. Vital capacity is measured by the sum of the tidal volume, expiratory
reserve volume, and inspiratory reserve volume. The size of someone's lungs and thoracic cavity size will
increase with increased height and vice versa, which will affect the tidal volume, expiratory reserve
volume and inspiratory reserve volume, therefore the vital capacity is affected as well.
E. Explain how factors other than height might affect lung capacity.
Factors other than height that might affect lung capacity include: gender, physical activity and position. A
male has a longer airway compared to woman and has a greater consumption of oxygen. Physical activity
will strengthen and train the lungs to hold more oxygen and have an increased capacity and volume. The
position of someone standing will have a higher lung volume compared to someone sitting.
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F. How would the volume measurements change if data were collected after vigorous exercise?
The volume measurements would change if data were collected after vigorous exercise because breathing
increases and then slows as someone is resting. In addition, the circulation would increase to meet the
muscles demand for oxygen. IRV and ERV decrease with exercise but residual volume does not change
with exercise.
G. What is the difference between volume measurements and capacities?
Volume measurements include tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and
residual volume. Capacities include measurements of two or more of the volume measurements.
H.
Define
Tidal Volume
.
Tidal volume is the amount of air inspired or expired during normal tidal breathing. Tidal volume will
increase with activity to aid the increased need for gas exchange. Tidal volume at rest is approximately
500 ml.
I. Define
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
.
Inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air that can be inspired above the volume inspired
tidally. It decreases with exercise. At rest, IRV is approximately 1,900 mL for a female and 3,300 mL for
a male.
J. Define
Expiratory Reserve Volume
.
Expiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of volume of air that can be forced by expiration
beyond a normal tidal expiration. This also decreases with exercise. At rest, ERV is approximately 700
mL for a female and 1,000 mL for a male.
K.
Define
Residual Volume
.
Residual volume is the amount of air that stays in the lungs after a maximal expiration and can only be
forced out of the lungs through collapsing them. RV does not change with exercise. RV is approximately
1,100 mL for females and 1,200 mL for males..
L.
Define
Pulmonary Capacity
.
Pulmonary capacity is the sum of two or more main lung volumes.
M.
Name the
Pulmonary Capacities
.
The five pulmonary capacities are inspiratory capacity(IC), expiratory capacity(EC), functional residual
capacity(FRC), vital capacity(VC), and total lung capacity(TLC).
End of Lesson 12 Data Report