CJ 207 Project Two Template
.docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Southern New Hampshire University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
207
Subject
Accounting
Date
May 16, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by GrandDangerRhinoceros13
CJ 207 Project Two Template
Moving Through the Criminal Justice System
Arrest - Person is arrested and booked into the judicial system based on adequate probable cause. This includes cavity searches, finger prints, mug shots, and, if the person cannot be released on bond, remains in custody.
Arraignment - After being taken into custody and charged, the defendant makes an initial court appearance. The accused party is informed of their charges during the initial hearing, also known as an arraignment.
Pre-Trial - Comprised of pre-trial motions, investigation of the defendant's background, including criminal and personal history, and the reasoning for the offense.
Bail - Monetary amount set for defendant to pay for release from police custody during trial proceedings.
Trial - In order to determine guilt, prosecutors and defense lawyers review the evidence in front of the judge and, usually, a jury in a courtroom.
Verdict - Upon considering all of the evidence that was given during the trial, the judge or jury decides whether or not to find the defendant guilty.
Sentencing - Depending on the nature of the offense, a judge can order probation, community service, jail or prison time, fines, or restitution following a guilty verdict.
Appeal - Following a conviction, the accused may file an appeal by asking a higher court to review and overturn the decision rendered during the trial. (Hemmens, 2022)
Alternative Processes and Impact
Alternative Processes Description of Process
Impact on Criminal Court
System
Plea Bargains
An arrangement in which the prosecution agrees to make concessions in exchange for the defendant admitting guilt to the
allegations against them. The prosecution may suggest to the judge that the defendant accept
a guilty plea in exchange for leniency, but the judge will ultimately make the final decision. (
National Institute of Justice
, 2019)
A plea bargain eliminates the uncertainty, stressors and financial burden that a trial may
bring. It is a guaranteed conviction for the prosecutor. (
National Institute of Justice
, 2019) Restorative Justice Principles
Restitution and redress for any potential wrongdoing are central to restorative justice. Restorative justice is practiced in problem-solving courts, and it
addresses harm and repair. Instead of utilizing municipal and state courts, these specialist courts will pinpoint particular issues and work toward the person's rehabilitation. (
National Institute of Justice
, 2019)
Problem-solving courts, frequently known as specialized
courts, concentrate on certain criminal issues, such as drug and substance abuse, mental health disorders, and domestic abuse. Because of the alternate path, specialized courts or problem-solving courts are frequently viewed as a second opportunity. This aids in the rehabilitation process and keeps
recidivism rates down potentially. (
National Institute of Justice
, 2019)
Function of Juries
Types of Cases
How This Jury Is Selected
Responsibility of This Type Of
Jury
Civil Cases
A list of randomly picked names from voter registration, driver's licenses, and state ID cards are delivered to the Jury Commission headquarters. After
questioning the prospective jurors, the prosecution and defense teams will try to exclude any who they believe to
be biased and who could negatively impact the verdict or other jurors. (Hemmens, 2022)
In a civil trial, the jury hears arguments from the plaintiff and defendant before rendering
a decision. (Hemmens, 2022)
Criminal Cases
A list of randomly picked names from voter registration, driver's licenses, and state ID cards are delivered to the Jury Commission headquarters. After
questioning the prospective jurors, the prosecution and defense teams will try to exclude any who they believe to
be biased and who could negatively impact the verdict or other jurors. (Hemmens, 2022)
Within a reasonable doubt, the jury determines the defendant's
guilt or innocence in criminal case after reviewing evidence and witnesses. (Hemmens, 2022)
Impact of Specific Sentencing Guidelines
Why Sentencing Guidelines Exist
Sentencing guidelines guarantee coherence and reason throughout the sentencing stages of the criminal
justice system. The recommendations provide for more comparable punishments in many similar circumstances by basing the determination of the severity of crimes and offenses on the characteristics of the offender and the offense. The United States federal court system created the Federal Sentencing
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Questions
f
Officer Ellis receives a tip from a reliable source that Jaidyn is dealing drugs out of her apartment. Officer Ellis requests a search warrant. The warrant will
O a. be granted because police officers are granted search warrants upon request.
O b. be granted when Officer Ellis explains the police received a reliable tip that Jaidyn was involved in criminal activity and that evidence of that
activity might be found in her apartment.
O c. not be granted because search warrants may not be issued on a received tip only.
O d. not be granted because search warrants do not cover living quarters such as apartments and houses due to the high degree of privacy afforded such
dwellings.
arrow_forward
AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. Reread the Module B introduction about ScottLondon, CPA.Required:a. What code violations have occurred in this case?b. What is the range of penalties that the PCAOB could levy against London? By the California State Board of Accountancy?c. What do you think is the appropriate penalty?
arrow_forward
After the Madoff case, the SEC instituted a number of reforms to its operations. Please visit the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) and search for Post-Madoff reforms. Next, please identify the two reforms that you believe will have the best chance of catching a criminal like Madoff. Make sure to provide justification for your choices.
arrow_forward
Discussion Question 37:  Explain why Benford's Law is useful to auditors in the detection of fraud. (write a one page response for each question):
arrow_forward
If you are notified that one of your clients is being investigated by the Serious Crimes Agency,
a.
It doesn't matter to the Crime Agency whether you tell him or not
b.
It makes no difference whether you tell him or not
c.
You have a duty to tell the client
d.
You have a duty not to tell the client
arrow_forward
Assignment 1: Individual research/essay
You are a newly hired fraud examiner. You have been asked to write a preliminary report on the Paving Company Case scenario based on the information presented in Units 1 to 4 and findings from your additional research.  Your report should not exceed 2,000 words. The word limit is not inclusive of the bibliography and cover page.
 In your response, the following points must be addressed fully:
a)     Determine the type of fraud committed and describe the symptoms of fraud that might be evident to an investigator.Â
b)     As discussed in units 1 to 4, all frauds involve key elements. Identify and describe using examples the elements of the Sharp's fraud.Â
c)      In the scenario, Sharp’s employer has been putting more emphasis on controlling costs for the various businesses. With the slowing of overall spending in the construction sector, Travolta had ordered managers to closely monitor expenses. He had sold several companies and has given vice…
arrow_forward
Research the case against Bernie Madoff who was convicted in 2009 for running the largest Ponzi scheme in U. S. history. Do you think that Bernie received a sentence that was fair? Most importantly, research David Friehling, Bernie's auditor. Discuss what David Friehling's role was in this scheme. What outcome occurred from the legal action taken against Friehling.
arrow_forward
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) contains all of the following titles that have a direct impact on forensic accounting and fraud except:
Group of answer choices
Â
Title 4 prohibits personal loans and requires certain financial disclosures.
Title 11 provides a possible 25-year prison sentence for anyone altering, destroying, mutilating, or concealing a record, document, or other object (or otherwise impeding) for an official proceeding.
Title 9 increases maximum prison sentences for mail and wire fraud from 5 to 20 years. Willfully and knowingly certifying financial reports not in compliance with the Act is now a criminal offense.
Title 4 prohibits personal loans and requires certain financial disclosures.
arrow_forward
Green, a police officer, suspected that Brown was engaged in illegal racketeering activities. To obtain evidence of Brown’s illegal conduct, Green place a bug in Brown’s home without a warrant. Green may have violated which of Brown’s constitutional rights? A. Fourteenth Amendments rights. B. Fifth Amendments rights. C. Sixth Amendments rights. D. Fourth Amendments rights.
arrow_forward
Please help ASAP. Clearly define the answers for the following questions. (use at least 10 sentences for each , thanks)
Question 1: Explain how a detection of fraud may not necessarily mean that fraud exists.
Question 2: Who are District Attorneys and what is their function within the court system?Question 3: For paper or any perishable documents, the forensic accountant should follow what basic rules?
arrow_forward
Answer the following from Chapter 7 of the textbook (write a one page response for each question):Â
Discussion Question 37: Â Explain why Benford's Law is useful to auditors in the detection of fraud.
arrow_forward
11614 DISCUSSION QUESTIONSp ali togib.e
1. Tom Taxpayer meets with his CPA about a potential transaction. At the
bns (0 meeting Tom Taxpayer presents the CPA with a private letter ruling that
ed lliw is directly on point to his potential transaction. Can Tom Taxpayer rely
vlataiba on the private letter ruling if he is later audited with respect to the return
ert to bfiled for the year in which he enters the transaction? How would your
dhue dianswer change if Tom Taxpayer provided a Revenue Ruling directly on
point?
nd blaleuw
arrow_forward
4 AICPA members who work in industry and government must always adhere to which of the following AICPA rules of conduct:
Â
Â
Rule 101Â independence
Â
Â
Rule 202Â Compliance with Standards
Â
Â
Rule 301Â Confidential Client information
Â
Â
Rule 501Â Acts Discreditable
Â
Question 5
Before accepting an engagement to audit a new client, a CPA is required to:
Â
Â
Ask the prospective client's consent to make inquiries of the predecessor auditor, if any.
Â
Â
Conduct an assessment of the fraud risk factors likely to cause material misstatements.
Â
Â
Gain an understanding of the prospective client's industry and business.
Â
Â
Obtain the prospective client's signature to a written engagement letter
arrow_forward
According to the
warrantless searches authorized by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act are legal because
exception to the search warrant requirement, courts have ruled that
the federal regulatory presence is comprehensive and well defined.
Click the answer you think is right.
prevailing-authority
preeminent-domain
pervasive-regulation
predominate-control
A Read about this
Do you know the answer?
arrow_forward
Identify two to three (2-3) information technology tools that affect privacy. Next,
discuss the main way in which one would use the tools that you have identified to
commit
computer crimes. Provide a rationale to support your response
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Business Its Legal Ethical & Global Environment
Accounting
ISBN:9781305224414
Author:JENNINGS
Publisher:Cengage
Related Questions
- f Officer Ellis receives a tip from a reliable source that Jaidyn is dealing drugs out of her apartment. Officer Ellis requests a search warrant. The warrant will O a. be granted because police officers are granted search warrants upon request. O b. be granted when Officer Ellis explains the police received a reliable tip that Jaidyn was involved in criminal activity and that evidence of that activity might be found in her apartment. O c. not be granted because search warrants may not be issued on a received tip only. O d. not be granted because search warrants do not cover living quarters such as apartments and houses due to the high degree of privacy afforded such dwellings.arrow_forwardAICPA Code of Professional Conduct. Reread the Module B introduction about ScottLondon, CPA.Required:a. What code violations have occurred in this case?b. What is the range of penalties that the PCAOB could levy against London? By the California State Board of Accountancy?c. What do you think is the appropriate penalty?arrow_forwardAfter the Madoff case, the SEC instituted a number of reforms to its operations. Please visit the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov) and search for Post-Madoff reforms. Next, please identify the two reforms that you believe will have the best chance of catching a criminal like Madoff. Make sure to provide justification for your choices.arrow_forward
- Discussion Question 37:  Explain why Benford's Law is useful to auditors in the detection of fraud. (write a one page response for each question):arrow_forwardIf you are notified that one of your clients is being investigated by the Serious Crimes Agency, a. It doesn't matter to the Crime Agency whether you tell him or not b. It makes no difference whether you tell him or not c. You have a duty to tell the client d. You have a duty not to tell the clientarrow_forwardAssignment 1: Individual research/essay You are a newly hired fraud examiner. You have been asked to write a preliminary report on the Paving Company Case scenario based on the information presented in Units 1 to 4 and findings from your additional research.  Your report should not exceed 2,000 words. The word limit is not inclusive of the bibliography and cover page.  In your response, the following points must be addressed fully: a)     Determine the type of fraud committed and describe the symptoms of fraud that might be evident to an investigator. b)     As discussed in units 1 to 4, all frauds involve key elements. Identify and describe using examples the elements of the Sharp's fraud. c)      In the scenario, Sharp’s employer has been putting more emphasis on controlling costs for the various businesses. With the slowing of overall spending in the construction sector, Travolta had ordered managers to closely monitor expenses. He had sold several companies and has given vice…arrow_forward
- Research the case against Bernie Madoff who was convicted in 2009 for running the largest Ponzi scheme in U. S. history. Do you think that Bernie received a sentence that was fair? Most importantly, research David Friehling, Bernie's auditor. Discuss what David Friehling's role was in this scheme. What outcome occurred from the legal action taken against Friehling.arrow_forwardThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) contains all of the following titles that have a direct impact on forensic accounting and fraud except: Group of answer choices  Title 4 prohibits personal loans and requires certain financial disclosures. Title 11 provides a possible 25-year prison sentence for anyone altering, destroying, mutilating, or concealing a record, document, or other object (or otherwise impeding) for an official proceeding. Title 9 increases maximum prison sentences for mail and wire fraud from 5 to 20 years. Willfully and knowingly certifying financial reports not in compliance with the Act is now a criminal offense. Title 4 prohibits personal loans and requires certain financial disclosures.arrow_forwardGreen, a police officer, suspected that Brown was engaged in illegal racketeering activities. To obtain evidence of Brown’s illegal conduct, Green place a bug in Brown’s home without a warrant. Green may have violated which of Brown’s constitutional rights? A. Fourteenth Amendments rights. B. Fifth Amendments rights. C. Sixth Amendments rights. D. Fourth Amendments rights.arrow_forward
- Please help ASAP. Clearly define the answers for the following questions. (use at least 10 sentences for each , thanks) Question 1: Explain how a detection of fraud may not necessarily mean that fraud exists. Question 2: Who are District Attorneys and what is their function within the court system?Question 3: For paper or any perishable documents, the forensic accountant should follow what basic rules?arrow_forwardAnswer the following from Chapter 7 of the textbook (write a one page response for each question): Discussion Question 37:  Explain why Benford's Law is useful to auditors in the detection of fraud.arrow_forward11614 DISCUSSION QUESTIONSp ali togib.e 1. Tom Taxpayer meets with his CPA about a potential transaction. At the bns (0 meeting Tom Taxpayer presents the CPA with a private letter ruling that ed lliw is directly on point to his potential transaction. Can Tom Taxpayer rely vlataiba on the private letter ruling if he is later audited with respect to the return ert to bfiled for the year in which he enters the transaction? How would your dhue dianswer change if Tom Taxpayer provided a Revenue Ruling directly on point? nd blaleuwarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Business Its Legal Ethical & Global EnvironmentAccountingISBN:9781305224414Author:JENNINGSPublisher:Cengage
Business Its Legal Ethical & Global Environment
Accounting
ISBN:9781305224414
Author:JENNINGS
Publisher:Cengage