y. Two plans are under consideration. Plan A requires the construction of a parallel pipeline, the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is ears and P11,441,794 for the next 25 years. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing P100M with the life of 50 years. The 1 The annual operating cost is P5M. Using the Present Value (PV) Method and an interest of 23% cpd. annually, what is the PV of Plan A?
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- The city of Zamboanga contemplates to increase the capacity of their existing water transmission lines. Two plans are under considerations. Plan A requires the construction of a parallel pipeline, the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial costs is P2, 750, 000.00 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of P5, 000.00. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping stations coating P1, 050, 000.00 with the life of 40 years. The pumping equipment cost an additional amount of P250, 000.00, it has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of P25, 000. The annual operating costs is P165, 000.00. Which is the most economical plan if the interest rate is 12% and how much is the difference between the two plans. Use present worth method.The government has two (2) plans to deal with their water supply problem in Zamboanga. Option 1 is to build a complete water pumping plant costing P 2 Billion, which would meet all needs during the 1st 40 years. Annual maintenance costs are estimated to be at P 20M for the 1st 23 years and P 24968327 for the succeeding years, which is the difference between 40 years and 23 years. Option 2 is to build a partial water pumping plant at a cost of P 1.25 Billion, which would be sufficient for the 1st 15 years. At the end of 15 years, the pumping plant will be completed at an estimated cost of P 1.5 Billion. Annual maintenance cost is P 1.5 Million during the 1st 15 years and P3 Million for the succeeding 15 years. At 20% cpd.-a., what is the Present Value of Option 1?The city of San Fernando contemplates to increase the capacity of her existing water transmission lines. Two plans are under consideration. plan a requires the construction of a parallel pipeline , the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is 2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of 5,000. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing 1,050,000 with the life of 40 years. The pumping equipment cost an additional amount of 250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of 25,000. The annual operating cost is 165,000. Which is the most economical plan if the interest rate is 12% and how much is the difference between the two plans. Use Present worth Method.
- A toll bridge across the Mississippi River is being considered as a replacement for the current I-40 bridge linking Tennessee to Arkansas. Because this bridge, if approved, will become a part of the U.S. Interstate Highway system, the B-C ratio method must be applied in the evaluation. Investment costs of the structure are estimated to be $17,700,000, and $331,000 per year in operating and maintenance costs are anticipated. In addition, the bridge must be resurfaced every sixth year of its 30-year projected life at a cost of $1,120,000 per occurrence (no resurfacing cost in year 30). Revenues generated from the toll are anticipated to be $2,600,000 in its first year of operation, with a projected annual rate of increase of 2.25% per year due to the anticipated annual increase in traffic across the bridge. Assuming zero market (salvage) value for the bridge at the end of 30 years and a MARR of 7% per year, should the toll bridge be constructed? Also, assume that the initial surfacing of…A toll bridge across the Mississippi River is being considered as a replacement for the current 1-40 bridge linking Tennessee to Arkansas. Because this bridge, if approved, will become a part of the U.S. Interstate Highway system, the B-C ratio method must be applied in the evaluation. Investment costs of the structure are estimated to be $19,000,000, and $332,000 per year in operating and maintenance costs are anticipated. In addition, the bridge must be resurfaced every fifth year of its 30-year projected life at a cost of $1,300,000 per occurrence (no resurfacing cost in year 30). Revenues generated from the toll are anticipated to be $2,400,000 in its first year of operation, with a projected annual rate of increase of 2% per year due to the anticipated annual increase in traffic across the bridge. Assuming zero market (salvage) value for the bridge at the end of 30 years and a MARR of 12% per year, should the toll bridge be constructed? Also, assume that the initial surfacing of…A toll bridge across the Mississippi River is being considered as a replacement for the current 1-40 bridge linking Tennessee to Arkansas. Because this bridge, if approved, will become a part of the U.S. Interstate Highway system, the B-C ratio method must be applied in the evaluation. Investment costs of the structure are estimated to be $17,500,000, and $334,000 per year in operating and maintenance costs are anticipated. In addition, the bridge must be resurfaced every fifth year of its 25-year projected life at a cost of $1,200,000 per occurrence (no resurfacing cost in year 25). Revenues generated from the toll are anticipated to be $2,500,000 in its first year of operation, with a projected annual rate of increase of 1.75% per year due to the anticipated annual increase in traffic across the bridge. Assuming zero market (salvage) value for the bridge at the end of 25 years and a MARR of 11% per year, should the toll bridge be constructed? Also, assume that the initial surfacing…
- A toll bridge across the Mississippi River is being considered as a replacement for the current I-40 bridge linking Tennessee to Arkansas. Because this bridge, if approved, will become a part of the U.S. Interstate Highway system, the B–C ratio method must be applied in the evaluation. Investment costs of the structure are estimated to be $17,500,000, and $325,000 per year in operating and maintenance costs are anticipated. In addition, the bridge must be resurfaced every fifth year of its 30-year projected life at a cost of $1,250,000 per occurrence (no resurfacing cost in year 30). Revenues generated from the toll are anticipated to be $2,500,000 in its first year of operation, with a projected annual rate of increase of 2.25 % per year due to the anticipated annual increase in traffic across the bridge. Assuming zero market (salvage) value for the bridge at the end of 30 years and aMARR of 10% per year, should the toll bridge be constructed ?GoG is considering two alternative proposals to improve road safety and reduce traffic congestion in city “A”: (a) constructing a new bypass or (b) upgrading existing roadways. The Bypass Proposal will have an initial cost of GHC60 million and annual maintenance costs of GHC2.25 million. It is expected to yield benefits of GHC9.75 million per year. The Upgrading Proposal has an initial cost of GHC7 million, annual maintenance costs of GHC262,500 and annual social benefits of GHC1.14 million. Each project has a life of 30 years. The Bypass Proposal, which would have donor funding component, involves a discount rate of 8% while the Upgrading Proposal, to be funded wholly by government, has a discount rate of 4%. i. Calculatethenetpresentvalueofeachproposalanddetermineifit is economically viable ii. Which of the two proposals is more economically justifiable.(engineering economics) A building was purchased by the city government with a gradual payment of Rp. 20 billion at the time of purchase and followed by Rp. 40 billion a year later. The building is expected to be used by the community for 20 years starting after the second payment is made. During operation the dam will require operational and maintenance costs of Rp. 750 million annually. Meanwhile, the benefits that will be obtained by the community as a result of these facilities can be equivalent to Rp. 5 billion per year. In addition, this facility also generates direct income of Rp. 4.7 billion per year. Alternatively, the building can be renovated prior to use. If it is going to be renovated, the city government needs to spend an additional Rp. 10 billion for the two payments as mentioned above. The operational and maintenance costs have not changed, which are still Rp. 750 million per year, while the annual income will increase to Rp. 5.6 billion. Determine alternatives without…
- A proposal is being considered to improve an existing road connecting two medium size cities in West Africa to reduce transportation costs. The cost of the project is $1,000,000. Present annual transportation cost for all traffic amounts to $1,270,000 per year and would continue if no improvement is made. After the improvement, annual transportation costs are estimated to be $1,166,000. Assume the life of the project 20 years, and MARR is 12%. Should the project be undertaken? Evaluate this proposal by using the net present value method, benefit/cost method, and internal rate of return method. Assume costs appear at the beginning of each year while benefits at the end of a year.Liwayway High School is planning to install solar panels to provide some of the electricity for its groundwater desalting facilty. The project would be done in two phases. The first phase will cost P400 million in year 1 and P500 million in year 2. This investment will result in energy savings (phase 2) of P54,000,000 in year 3, P54,600,000 in year 4, and amounts increasing by P600,000 each year through year 10. Let i = 10% per year.(a) What is the future worth of the savings?(b) Is the cost of the solar project justified by the savings? (Hint: Calculate the difference between savings and cost).Atoll bridge across the Mississippi River is being considered as a replacement for the current 1-40 bridge linking Tennessee to Arkansas. Because this bridge if approved, will become a part of the US Interstate Highway system, the B-C ratio method must be applied in the evaluation Investment costs of the structure are estimated to be $17,000,000, and $317.000 per year in operating and maintenance costs are anticipated. In addition, the bridge must be resurfaced every fith year of its 25-year projected life at a $1,130.000 per occumence (ho resurfacing cost in year 25) Revenues generated from the toll are anticipated to be $2,200,000 in its first year of operation, with a projected annual rate of increase o 1.75% per year due to the anticipated annual increase in traffe across the bridge. Assuming zero market (salvage) value for the bridge at the end of 25 years and a MARR of 8% per year, should the tall bridge be constructed? Alse, assume that the vial eurtacing of the bridge is…