Why can liver glycogen, but not muscle glycogen, be used to raise blood sugar levels?
Q: Can alanine, glycine, and serine be used to treat hypoglycemia induced by starvation? Explain.
A: Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood glucose level falls below the usual range. Glucose…
Q: Please describe the steps by which insulin would stimulate fatty acid biosynthesis while inhibiting…
A: Hormones are chemical messengers that are involved in signaling pathways. They regulate many…
Q: Why does a deficiency of carbohydrates in the diet lead to ketone body formation?
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy ketone or polyhydroxy aldehyde or compounds which produce them on…
Q: Why are thioesters considered high-energycompounds?
A: Energy-rich compounds in cells comprise five kinds of high-energy bonds: phosphoanhydride, acyl…
Q: Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also…
A: Long chain fatty acids potentiate glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Fatty acids don't trigger…
Q: Is ketogenesis anabolic or catabolic? Thus, what initiates the ketogenesis in our body?
A: Most of the acetyl-CoA produced during fatty acid oxidation is used by the citric acid cycle or in…
Q: What effect is observed on the rate of gluconeogenesis under each of the following conditions? a.…
A: Carbohydrates and fatty acids are oxidized to generate energy for metabolic processes. Carbohydrates…
Q: What is the full regulatory pathway of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase by insulin and…
A: Before going into the whole complex regulatory pathways, you need to know a few basic facts.…
Q: What does the catabolism of triglycerides in adipose tissue yield?
A: The tissue is the accumulation of the multiple layers of cells, which are to some extent similar in…
Q: Where does Triglyceride digestion occur? Explain how?
A: Pancreatic lipase (pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase), is an enzyme secreted from the pancreas.…
Q: What level of protein structure is hexameric insulin?
A: The pancreas has a very important role in the body. It can function as endocrine as well as…
Q: Describe the different functions of glycogen in liver and muscle
A: Polysaccharides are larger molecules of sugar compounds that are made up of many smaller units of…
Q: How does adipose tissue metabolize absorbed triglyceride, and what are the three major sources of…
A: The digestive system consists of a collection of organs that help in the digestion and metabolism of…
Q: you follow a carbohydrate-free diet, certain metabolic problems occur. Describe glucogenesis and the…
A: Glucogenesis is the formation of glucose within an animal body from any product of glycolysis.…
Q: What is the importance of vitamin C for carnitine and fat metabolism? explain in detail
A: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a vitamin that is soluble in water. It is naturally present in citrus…
Q: how do leptin, insulin, and estrogen affect the endocrine control of adipose tissue deposition
A: EFFECT OF LEPTIN ON ENDOCRINE CONTROL OF ADIPOSE TISSUE DEPOSITION Leptin has a great role in the…
Q: How does glucose binding to glycogen phosphorylase stimulate glycogen synthesis?
A: When there is an enormous amount of energy present, then the cell uses these to synthesize glycogen…
Q: How does the amino acid substitution and amino acid chain in protamine zinc insulin help control the…
A: Biotechnology is the use of our understanding of biological processes to develop useful applications…
Q: What impact would an increase in intramitochondrial oxaloacetate have on fatty acid synthesis?…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains. Fatty acids undergo β oxidation when…
Q: With respect to glycogen, what is the likely fate of excess glucose 6-phosphate in muscle?
A: The process of glycolysis in which the glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate along with…
Q: Given the nature of the hormonal activation of lipases, what carbohydrate pathways would be…
A: The lipase is an enzyme found in the pancreas that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids…
Q: List reaction or pathways of fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis affected by insulin and glucagon.
A: Insulin is the hormone synthesized by the β cells of pancreas. Whereas glucagon is synthesized by…
Q: Does the allosteric regulation induced by insulin activate (or repress) phosphofructokinase-1…
A: Phosphofructose kinase 1 is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose…
Q: Why is it that only 2ATP molecules are required to store one glucose molecule as glycogen?
A: Glycogen is a homopolymer that is made up of repeated units of alpha-D-glucose and it is connected…
Q: Which glycogen storage disorder is known as amylopectinosis? explain very briefly.
A: In glycogen storage disease abnormal accumulation of sugar occur in the body due to defective…
Q: Are fatty foods always rich in calories? and Why?
A: Fats are the important macronutrients. There are two types of fats are there they are saturated and…
Q: What is an insulin
A: Insulin is a type of hormone. Hormones are the signalling molecules that are synthesized by glands…
Q: How does insulin stimulate glycogen synthesis?
A: Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the beta-cells of the islets of langerhans. It favors…
Q: What factors contribute to storage of excess energy as triacylglycerols?
A: Triacylglycerols are also known as triglycerides are the simplest lipids formed by fatty acids. It…
Q: Which of the following is NOT an important precursor of glucose in animals when gluconeogenesis…
A: GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE is not an important precursor of glucose in animals when gluconeogenesis occur.
Q: List the steps in the digestion of dietary triacylglycerols and their transport into the…
A: Chylomicrons are in the intestinal cells and relay lipids from the digestive tract and mix them in…
Q: How are fatty acids related to ketogenic diet? Explain.
A: Ketogenic diet- It is proven helpful for weight loss and it is also used in treating epilepsy in…
Q: What is the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHNS)?
A: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) are the two…
Q: Which amino acids are exclusively ketogenic?
A: Introduction During amino acid catabolism, ketogenic amino acids are broken down to Acetyl CoA or…
Q: at is gluconeogenesis, and what useful purposes does it serve in people?
A: Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidneys.
Q: What hormones control carbohydrate metabolism?
A: Carbohydrate metabolism is a biochemical process that involves the constant supply of energy to all…
Q: What role does insulin play in glycogen synthesis?
A: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose that is stored in the muscle and liver cells. Glycogen is a…
Q: In a diabetic liver, which of the following pathways would be constantly active? O glycolysis O…
A: Introduction: The series of chemical reactions that occur in the living body together known as…
Q: Depending on the body’s needs, into what type of compounds is glucose converted in the pentose…
A: Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a pathway parallel to glycolysis. In the first step of…
Q: What is the importance ofiron in diet? What is thedisease caused by irondeficiency?
A: Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals. It delivers necessary substances such as oxygen…
Q: Avidin, a protein found in egg whites, binds to biotin so strongly that it inhibits enzymes that…
A: Avidin was naturally found in the raw eggs whereas the affinity of biotin was destroyed upon…
Q: List the seven metabolites that represent the end products of amino acid catabolism. Which are…
A: Every amino acid has an amino group and a carboxyl group. Both groups are at two different ends.…
Q: How are glucose, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis and degradation, and…
A: Metabolism is a series of interconnected chemical reactions occurring within a cell; the chemical…
Q: How does the body respond to decrease in blood glucose level below about 5mM?
A: Blood sugar is the most common sugar present in the body. It is the body's major source of energy…
Q: Why would a cause of hyperinsulinism be hypoglycemia?
A: Introduction:Hypoglycemia is a state of having blood sugar (glucose) levels that are below normal.…
Q: What Is Gluconeogenesis, and How DoesIt Operate?
A: Introduction: A metabolic route is a chain of chemical events that take place within a cell.…
Why can liver glycogen, but not muscle glycogen, be used to raise blood sugar levels?
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- What is the effect on gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis of (a) increasing the level of ATP, (b) decreasing the concentration of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate, and (c) increasing the concentration of fructose-6- phosphate?How does glucose binding to glycogen phosphorylase stimulate glycogen synthesis?A) What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions? B) How does insulin and glucagon affect the rate of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and glycolysis? Answer both please
- What is the source of the energy needed to incorporate glucose residues into glycogen? How is it used?Fatty acids appear to stimulate insulin secretion to a much greater extent when glucose is also present. Why is this significant?With respect to glycogen, what is the likely fate of excess glucose 6-phosphate in muscle?
- What triggers gluconeogenesis? Then, what is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis?Why are the enzymes α-Amylase and α-glucosidase active in a patient with hyperglycemia or diabetes? How do they become activated?There must be a way to shut down glycogen breakdown quickly to prevent the wasteful depletion of glycogen after energy needs have been met. What mechanisms are employed to turn off glycogen breakdown?
- How do the pathways for the synthesis and breakdown of glycogen differ in liver and muscle? How does this relate to the function of stored glycogen in the two tissues?What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis? What role do fatty acids play ingluconeogenesis?What is the full regulatory pathway of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase by insulin and the GPCR pathway?