Q: In some autoimmune diseases, an individual develops antibodies that recognize cell constituents such…
A:
Q: The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of…
A: Cancer is a fatal disease that has both physical and mental consequences for a person. Cancer can…
Q: Some cancers are detectable with a simple blood test (if the cancer cells secrete a chemical that…
A: Hi thanks a lot for asking the details of the solution. The solution is correct, and amount of…
Q: Which of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription?
A: A quality is the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are comprised of DNA. A…
Q: 2.3 Many endosomes become acidic because they have transporters in their membranes that pump H+ ions…
A: An Eukaryotic cell consists of many small organelles .Each and every organelle is specified for…
Q: A peripheral protein, which is not integral to the cell membrane, is also called: a multi-pass…
A: Peripheral membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological…
Q: Describe in your own words how nuclear transport and G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling…
A: The GTP (guanosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide molecule that provides necessary energy during…
Q: Describe and give an example of the following types of stem cells: - totipotent - pluripotent
A: Introduction:- Stem cells are unspecialized, undifferentiated cells that can differentiate and…
Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…
A: Confocal microscopy creates an image of a specimen by filtering out the out-of-focus light coming…
Q: Cancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation of cells that defy the normal regulatory controls…
A: It has been proven that epigenetic abnormalities are one of the hallmarks of cancer.…
Q: PDGF 100 PI3K PI3K 50 GAPO 771 O GAP protein Paite PTP O1009 O PTP PI3K 740, 751 + GAP PTP 71 PLC…
A: The suppressor of DNA synthesis decreases the level of DNA synthesis while an enhancer of DNA…
Q: The cisternal space of ER is continuous with prenuclear space between the two membranes of the…
A: Introduction The Endomembrane System (endo Meaning "inside") Is A Collection Of Eukaryotic Cell…
Q: Microtubules both in vitro and in vivo undergo dynamic instability, and this type of assembly is…
A: Microtubules are structures composed of tubulin protein.
Q: Proteins/peptides exclusively expressed by tumor cells are termed as a. tumor…
A: Cancers are caused by mutations in the gene sequence of the tumor suppressor gene or protooncogene…
Q: Adult stem cells, such as those in the bone marrow, brain, or hair follicles, can best be described…
A: The cell is the functional self-contained unit of all life forms. They are mainly segmented into two…
Q: Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor…
A: Translesion synthesis (TLS) is a method of overcoming stopped replication in which particular…
Q: The protein Tau promotes formation of axonal microtubules, stabilizes them, and drives neurite…
A: Microtubules are hollow , cylindrical and consists of 13 protofilaments. It is present in all…
Q: Crystal: Calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate in kidney stones If it is something beneficial,how…
A: Kidney is the most important part of the excretory system in the body that initiates the removal of…
Q: Triton X-100 is a detergent which is not commonly used to separate integral proteins from the…
A: The detergents are amphipathic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.…
Q: which membrane transport methods ions, proteins and damaged fragments of rod cells would be taken…
A: Retinal Pigment Epithelium The RPE is a polygonal cell layer that makes up the outermost lining of…
Q: Discuss the role of telomeres in cell maintenance, ageing, and disease
A: The telomeres are the end of a chromosome. Telomeres are made of repetitive arrangements of…
Q: This is expressed as the phospholipid flips out during apoptosis phosphatidylserine…
A: Apoptosis is a type of planned cell death. Cell death and biochemical alterations are the results of…
Q: What components of the plasma membrane might this drug interact with? Explain can use as many…
A: The given compound is Lovastatin, a statin which is used as a drug to lower blood cholesterol in…
Q: protein
A: a ) the organic properties of a protein atom rely upon its actual collaboration with different…
Q: What is a KDEL motif? A The KDEL motif functions as a stop-transfer sequence in Type I membrane…
A: The KDEL receptor is a protein with seven transmembrane domains that was discovered about 20 years…
Q: Genetic testing of a 29-month-old boy shows a mutation in the Phe residue at position 508 in the…
A: Cystic fibrosis is a fatal genetic disease which is caused due to defect in CF transmembrane…
Q: The difference in microtubule bundles stabilized by Tau and MAP2 is due to differences in…
A: Microtubules they are important part of the cytoskeleton system of eukaryotic cell and they are…
Q: Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes.…
A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…
Q: Discuss the role/relevance of chromatin in the storage, expression and transmission of genetic…
A: Chromatin is the material that makes up a chromosome that consists of DNA and protein. The reason…
Q: A current focus of molecular medicine is to trigger or promote apoptosis of specific cells. several…
A: Cancer is an uncontrolled division of cell that has a defunct apoptosis mechanism. Usually, when…
Q: Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan? attachment of several molecules of…
A: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are covalently bonded to the core proteins to produce proteoglycans…
Q: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in the β-myosin heavy chain gene. One common…
A: Codons are triplets of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid. The ribosome read the codons in a…
Q: Human cells are highly resistant to transformation. Experiments have shown that 5 regulatory…
A: Proteins are the important macromolecules in the body that helps in functioning of varieties of…
Q: Protein modifications occurring in the Golgi apparatus include: removal of sialic acid…
A: Introduction: Golgi apparatus is membrane-bound organelles that are sac-like present in the…
Q: Protein transfer to a membrane from a developed electrophoretic gel can be performed under which of…
A: Proteins are biomolecules and macromolecules that are made up of one or more long chains of amino…
Q: How would a mutation that prevents the Ras proteinfrom hydrolyzing GTP affect the cell-signaling…
A: Ras is a family of the protein, which belongs to the GTPases. It helps in the transmitting signals…
Q: Describe how a carrier protein functions. What role do carrier proteins serve in the cell? Why are…
A: A cell is a structural unit of a living organism.
Q: In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you…
A: Melanoma is a kind of skin disease that creates when melanocytes (the cells that give the skin its…
Q: Binding of talin induces a separation of α and β subunits and induces conformational changes that…
A: Signaling is the mechanism in which the signals in the body regarding any kind of activity is…
Q: Hurler syndrome is due to a mutation in a gene that encodes aprotein called α-l-iduronidase. This…
A: Hurler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder and the affected person carries two…
Q: Mild, non-ionic detergents (like Triton X-100, with polar but uncharged regions that do not denature…
A: t-Octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol or Polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether or simply Triton…
Q: Define the following terms:a. tumor promoterb. guanine nucleotide exchange factorc. DAGd. steady…
A: a. Tumor promoters : Tumor promoters are substances that increase the tumorigenicity (tumor…
Q: how would the disruption of the Rb family of proteins lead to cancer? Describe the possible…
A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.
Q: In an in vitro motility assay, a newly discovered motor protein is found to transport an attached…
A: Dynein is an ATP-dependent motor protein that mediates intracellular retrograde transport of…
Q: The tumor suppressor pRB also binds to and suppresses theactivity of retinoblastoma binding protein…
A: The segments of the genetic material which helps in the expression of the characters are known as…
Q: I just read an abstract of the paper “Disulfide bond-disrupting agents activate the tumor necrosis…
A: The TNF or Tumour Necrosis Factor receptors are Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD) containing Receptors. It…
Q: How does the hormone get from its secretory gland to its target tissue? • Are steroid hormones…
A: Since there are multiple questions in the image, I will explain the entire signaling cascade.…
-
Neuropathy is often a side effect of anti-cancer drug treatments. Which of the following drugs induce neuropathy by disrupting microtubule formation thereby inhibiting axonal transport? Select ALL that apply
Paclitaxel
Oxaliplatin
Vincristine
Bortezomib
Thalidomide
Cisplatin
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Kelly has breast cancer. Her doctors determined her breast cancer wasaggressive, which meant that she needed to undergo chemotherapy. Her doctors recommended a combination of docetaxel (Taxotere®), carboplatin, and trastuzumab (Herceptin®). The following is her blog entry after her second chemo treatment: As far as chemo symptoms go, the biggest has been fatigue. I was just tired, grumpy, and not my usual, peppy self most of the week. Other very minor things—tiny bit of stomach upset at the beginning of the week, but just enough to make me not feel like eating a big steak, not enough to keep me from eating soup or sandwiches. My scalp felt a little irritated—for the girls out there, itwas the feeling of having my hair in a tight ponytail all day and then letting it down, and the follicles just feel prickly—this is normal for several daysbefore the hair falls out. Also, I have a weird dry mouth feeling, so some things taste a little different. But seriously, these are really minor…The best strategy for treating a specific type of human tumor can depend on identifying the type of cell that became cancerous to give rise to the tumor. For some tumors that have colonized a distant location (metastasized), identifying the parental cell type can be difficult. Because the type of IF protein expressed is cell-type-specific, using monoclonal antibodies that react with only one type of IF protein can help in this identification. What IF proteins would you produce monoclonal antibodies against to identify (a) a sarcoma of muscle cell origin, (b) an epithelial cell carcinoma, and (c) an astrocytoma (glial cell tumor)?Heterotypic interactions of tumor cells have been a fertile area for potential therapeutic interventions. Find a specific example of a drug/therapy that targets these interactions and explain the mechanism by which it treats cancer.
- What components of the plasma membrane might this drug interact with? Explain can use as many components as you need (may need more or less). Component 1 and why: Component 2 and why: Component 3 and why:Which of the following drugs would directly target the ability of cancer cells to evade cell growth suppressors? (evading the growth suppressor hallmark) Anti-inflammatory drugs VEGF signaling inhibitors Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Telomerase inhibitorsDistinguish between What is known of CD105 (endoglin) as an hepatcellular carcinoma marker and it’s potential as a drug target. Discuss: - Is anything known about its biology? E.g does it have known ligands and normal functions? - if you were to target it would you just use it to get growth inhibiting compound into the new blood vessels or is CD105 required for neovascularization?
- . Download and read the attached review article (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5836099/pdf/EMBR-19-e45440.pdf) titled: Perturbing mitosis for anti-cancer therapy: is cell death the only answer?1 of 16 Data from an experiment is shown in the figure below. In the experiment, murine cells were treated with a specific a ligand that activates receptor R. In some cases, the cells were exposed to one of two drugs (X or Y) as well as the ligand or were left untreated (UT). After 30 minutes of treatment, the cells were lysed with a detergent-based buffer to release the soluble membrane, cyosolic and nuclear proteins. Samples from each cell extract were run (in duplicate) by SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in order to separate the proteins by molecular mass (size). The separated proteins were then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane which was then probed with different antibodies in a western blotting procedure to detect specific phosphorylated proteins or total proteins. If present in the cell extract, these proteins appear as a dark band in the relevant western blot image within the figure. Drug X Drug Y UT Ligand Ligand Ligand Western blotting antibodies…Need detail explanation Scenario: A 56-year-old client was diagnosed with aggressive bone cancer that required a below the knee amputation of the left leg 14 months ago. The client received recommended chemotherapy and radiation, but it was found recently that the cancer has metastasized to the chest and skull. There is lymph node involvement with a primary tumor partially obstructing the right kidney. The client was readmitted 4 days ago for removal of the remaining portion of the left leg and was told that there is no appropriate surgical or medical intervention that would be beneficial at this point in the disease process. The interdisciplinary health care team has recommended palliative care upon discharge since the client’s life expectancy is between 3 and 5 months. The client has developed a mutually respectful relationship with a nurse on the unit who has provided care throughout all previous hospitalizations. The client shares with the licensed practical nurse (LPN) that, “I…
- The most common therapeutic approaches to treating cancer include all of the following except ________. a. chemotherapy b. irradiation of tumors c. surgery to remove cancerous tissue d. administering doses of vitaminsName the six fundamental properties of malignant tumours. Which of these properties are amenable to study in a cell culture model of cancer and why?TNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph below. Which of the following would you observe in these cells treated with TNF- alpha? Select all that apply TNF-a 120 100 80 - 60 40 20 0. 24 72 (hrs) Control + TNF-a 100 ng TNFA 10 ng O Activation of extrinsic pathway of apoptosis O Activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis Activation of executioner caspases Recruitment of adapter protein FADD to the TNF-alpha receptor LNCAP cell viability (% of control)