When bromomethane undergoes solvolysis in a solvent mixture composed of 90% water/10% acetone, the reaction rate is faster than when the same compound is solvolyzed in 80% water/20% acetone. Explain
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When bromomethane undergoes solvolysis in a solvent mixture composed of 90% water/10% acetone, the reaction rate is faster than when the same compound is solvolyzed in 80% water/20% acetone. Explain.
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- A problem often encountered in the oxidation of primary alcohols to acids is that esters are sometimes produced as by-products. For example, oxidation of ethanol yields acetic acid and ethyl acetate: Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of ethyl acetate. Take into account the reversible reaction between aldehydes and alcohols:When equivalent amounts of methyl bromide and sodium iodide are dissolved in methanol, the concentration of iodide ion quickly decreases and then slowly returns to its original concentration. Account for this observation.The formate and methoxide ions are both formed by removing a hydrogen atom from a corresponding neutral compound. Given that each process involves the breaking of an O-H bond, explain why the formate ion is so much more stable than the methoxide ion.
- The relative rates of reaction of ethane, toluene, and ethylbenzene with bromine atoms have been measured. The most reactive hydrocarbon undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction a million times faster than does the least reactive one. Arrange these hydrocarbons order of decreasing reactivity.When tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether. (a) What happens to the reaction rate if the concentration of ethanol is doubled?In preparation of dibenzalacetone from benzaldehyde: Give two techniques that can be used to purify partially air-oxidized benzaldehyde. Indicate how each technique works in purifying benzaldebyde from its air-oxidized impurities.
- Many hunting dogs enjoy standing nose-to-nose with a skunk while barking furiously, oblivious to the skunk spray directed toward them. One moderately effective way of lessening the amount of odor is to wash the dog in a bath containing dilute hydrogen peroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and some mild dish detergent. Use chemical reactions to describe how this mixture helps to remove the skunk spray from the dog. The two major components of skunk oil are 3-methylbutane-1-thiol and but-2-ene-1-thiol.Propanal and propanone react in a similar way with acidified aqueous potassium cyanide, KCN. For this reaction to occur reasonably quickly, the pH of the solution should be approximately 4. The reaction of propanal proceeds with acidified potassium cyanide proceeds more rapidly than that of propanone. Referring to the mechanism of the reactions, explain this phenomenon.When tert-butyl bromide is heated with an equal amount of ethanol in an inert solvent, one of the products is ethyl tert-butyl ether. (a) What happens to the rate if the concentration of tert-butyl bromide is tripled and the concentration of ethanol is doubled?
- Organic Chemistry Please provide explanation for how the steps of A through C result in the formation of 7-MethoxyphthalideIdentify the substitution products that form when 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is dissolved in a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water.Identify the substitution products that form when 2-bromo-2-methylpropane is dissolved in a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water. a. Explain why the same products are obtained when 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is dissolved in a mixture of 80% ethanol and 20% water.