What is the most common cause of mortality in those with diabetes mellitus? Question 76 options: a) Renal failure b) Myocardial infarct and stroke c) Gangrene and sepsis d) Autonomic and somatic neuropathy
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What is the most common cause of mortality in those with diabetes mellitus?
Question 76 options:
a)
Renal failure
b)
Myocardial infarct and stroke
c)
Gangrene and sepsis
d)
Autonomic and somatic neuropathy
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is asking about potential complications. Which of the following is the MOST likely long-term complication? a) Acute kidney injury b) Gastrointestinal bleeding c) Diabetic neuropathy d) Deep vein thrombosisWhich of the following is true about the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia? Question 62 options: a) Glucagon decreases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver b) Autonomic symptoms are caused by increased levels of glucagon which then stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis c) Beta cells suppress insulin secretion at a plasma glucose level of 3 mmol/L d) Abrupt cessation of glucose delivery to the brain results in confusion, drowsiness, vision changes, and headacheWhich of the following describes a feature of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? Question 15 options: a) It is usually an autoimmune disease b) The pancreas makes little or no insulin c) Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common complication d) The liver increases production of glucose
- The pathophysiology of chronic diabetic complications is related to which process? Question 65 options: a) Oxidative stress and ROS have a limited role in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus b) Sorbitol and fructose are products of the polyol pathway that accumulate and reduce intracellular osmotic pressure causing cellular injury c) AGEs are formed by the irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids d) The hexosamine pathway causes pathologic changes in gene expression associated with increased insulin activity and improved cardiovascular healthWhich of the following is a clinical manifestation consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis? Question 63 options: a) Glucose < 14 mmol/L b) pH > 7.51 c) Bicarbonate > 30 mmol/L d) Acetone breathWhich of the following statements about type 1 diabetes pathophysiology are true? Select all that apply A) The immune system begins to attack pancreatic B-cells in response to elevated blood sugar B) The activated immune system destroys pancreatic ß cells C) Thelper cells are activated resulting in production of autoantibodies from self-reactive plasma cells D) The body does not produce self-reactive cytotoxic T cells
- a) Adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) A decrease in serum sodium may occur in b) Hypoparathyroidism c) Hyperparathyroidism d) ThyrotoxicosisA person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes will exhibit all of the following symptoms except... a) The inability to produce insulin via the pancreas b) Increased blood pH c) The presence of ketone bodies in the urine d) Decreased blood pHA nurse is educating a patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus about self-management of their condition. Which of the following pieces of advice is most critical for the nurse to convey to the patient to prevent acute complications?A) Inspect your feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or sores.B) Maintain a regular exercise routine, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week.C) Monitor your blood glucose levels at home using a glucometer.D) Make dietary changes to include a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- The chronic complications associated with all types of diabetes result from which of the following? Question 40 options: a) Weight gain and hypertension b) Altered kidney function c) Damage to blood vessels and nerves d) Infections that deplete nutrient reservesWhich of the following is a correct cause of a diabetes mellitus symptom? 1) decreased installation of GLUT transporters causes glucosuria 2) saturation of aquaporins causes polyuria 3) saturation of GLUT transporters causes hyperglycemia 4) decreased glucose in cells causes ketoacidosisAll are causes of azotemia EXCEPT: Question 20 options: A) Prerenal: CHF, shock, dehydration B) Postrenal: renal calculi C) Postrenal: UTI, tumors D) Prerenal: decreased protein catabolism