What is an example of a biomolecule that interacts with Insulin? Please give a detailed explanation of that molecule's structure as well!
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- Cyclic AMP (CAMP) is an important signaling molecule in cells. The synthesis and degradation of CAMP is diagrammed in the following figure: ATP ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 12pt Adenylyl cyclase Edit View Insert Format Tools Table Paragraph Pyrophosphate 3'c- P-P₁ 5'C BI Both caffeine (coffee, cola) and theophylline inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase that converts CAMP to AMP, allowing cAMP levels to temporarily remain high. Briefly discuss the possible effect of these drugs on the second messenger action of CAMP. What might the effect of caffeine of theophylline be on a signaling pathway? CAMP UA Phosphodiesterase T² H₂O AMP ⠀The Table below shows the names of proteins whose functions are regulated through the binding of their ligands. Complete this Table by filling in the correct ligands for each of the proteins, the corresponding K, value, the affinity of this protein for its ligand and the source where the protein is found. Example Protein Avidin 1 Insulin receptor 2 Anti-HIV immunoglobulin 3 Nickel binding protein 4 Myoglobin 5 Myosin 6 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 7 Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) 8 Guanylyl cyclase Ligand Biotin Kd (M) 1 x 10-15 Affinity high Source/Organism Egg whiteStarting from the situation below, explain the next immediate steps that occur after the agonist ligand binds to the GPCR. Describe what happens in terms of the GTP and the heterotrimeric G protein structure. www www Ligand α В GTP ZAN Y Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. GDP
- What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of insulin and its three-dimensional structure?Write schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. What compounds are necessary for this biochemical process? Biological significance of phospholipids.Identify and briefly explain a third possible role of oxytocin that could explain its potential benefit to people with autism. Be sure to include the URL of your source with your work.
- Name two control mechanisms that play a role in glycogen biosynthesis. Give an example of each.Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? Sphingolipids are synthesized from ["palmitoyl-CoA", "cholesterol"] and have a diversity of biological functions that include ["signaling", "both structural element of myelin and signaling", "structural element of myelin sheath"]. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the ["cytoplasm", "endoplasmic reticulum"] and the delivery of ["acetyl-CoA unit as building blocks", "pyruvate"] occurs via the ["citrate shuttle", "pyruvate transporter"].Explain why people with a hereditary deficiency of carnitine acyltransferase II have muscle weakness. Why are the symptoms more severe during fasting? (Keep your answer to at least a paragraph)
- Insulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?Snake venom contains many hydrolase enzymes, including several serine proteases. One such protease (present in high concentrations in snake venom) mimics the action of thrombin to activate fibrin. The venom protease cleaves peptide bonds with a specificity for basic, positively charged amino acids. This enzyme is incubated with a substrate peptide with the sequence SNPDCKVALYMTW. Draw a mechanism for the peptide hydrolysis of this specific peptide catalyzed by this snake venom protease. Include the structure of the active site amino acids of the enzyme and the substrate peptide group (including the full structure of the 2 specific amino acids that contribute to the scissile peptide group in the substrate) in your mechanism. Use the curved arrow convention to illustrate the flow of electrons.H CH₂ H₂C HC-CH3 CH₂ H H₂C (S) H₂C H CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ NH O C NH NH₂ a) Which of the following statements about this peptide are correct? Group of answer choices Treatment of this peptide with trypsin generates two products. This peptide is a substrate for carboxypeptidase A Treatment of this peptide with cyanogen bromide generates a pentapeptide and a tripeptide. Treatment of this peptide with chymotrypsin generates three products. Treatment of this peptide with elastase generates 2 products. None of the above statements are correct. b) What is the sequence of this peptide using one letter abbreviations? c) What is the pH which would correspond to the ionization of the peptide as drawn above? 1, 5, 7, 10, 14