Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2 million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 960,000/year over a three- year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 250,000 the first year and 100,000/year for the remaining years. a) Draw a cash flow diagram for each of the two options.
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- Newmarge Products Inc. is evaluating a new design for one of its manufacturing processes. The new design will eliminate the production of a toxic solid residue. The initial cost of the system is estimated at 860,000 and includes computerized equipment, software, and installation. There is no expected salvage value. The new system has a useful life of 8 years and is projected to produce cash operating savings of 225,000 per year over the old system (reducing labor costs and costs of processing and disposing of toxic waste). The cost of capital is 16%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV of the new system. 2. One year after implementation, the internal audit staff noted the following about the new system: (1) the cost of acquiring the system was 60,000 more than expected due to higher installation costs, and (2) the annual cost savings were 20,000 less than expected because more labor cost was needed than anticipated. Using the changes in expected costs and benefits, compute the NPV as if this information had been available one year ago. Did the company make the right decision? 3. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Upon reporting the results mentioned in the postaudit, the marketing manager responded in a memo to the internal audit department indicating that cash inflows also had increased by a net of 60,000 per year because of increased purchases by environmentally sensitive customers. Describe the effect that this has on the analysis in Requirement 2. 4. CONCEPTUAL CONNECTION Why is a postaudit beneficial to a firm?Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2 million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 960,000/year over a three-year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 250,000 the first year and 100,000/year for the remaining years.i. Draw a cash flow diagram for each of the two options.ii. Calculate the net present value of each option based on discount rate of 6 percent/year.iii. Which option has the lowest overall cost? iv. What is the difference in the total cost between the two options based on NPV? Give your answer both in dollars and as a percentage difference.Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2 million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 960,000/year over a three-year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 250,000 the first year and 100,000/year for the remaining years.Draw a cash flow diagram for each of the two options.a.Calculate the net present value of each option based on discount rate of 6 percent/year.b.Which option has the lowest overall cost? c.What is the difference in the total cost between the two options based on NPV? d.Give your answer both in dollars and as a percentage difference
- Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2$ million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 950,000$/year over a three-year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each year for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 240,000$ the first year and 120,000 $/year for the remaining four years.a)Calculate the net present value of each option based on a discount rate of 5% .b)Which option has the lowest overall cost? What is the difference in total cost between the two options based on NPV( percentage)?1. Two remediation options are being considered for a contaminated land area formerly used for industrial operations. Option 1 involves removing all of the contaminated soil over a two-year period at a cost of 2.2 million per year. Option 2 is to leave the soil in place but treat it with a bioremediation agent at a cost of 960,000/year over a three- year period. Subsequently, the soil would be sampled each for the next five years to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment system. The cost of the sampling program would be 250,000 the first year and 100,000/year for the remaining years. a) Which option has the lowest overall cost at discount rate of 6 percent/year? What is the difference in the total cost between the two options based on NPV? Give your answer both in dollars and as a percentage difference.Two methods of carrying away surface runoff water from a new subdivision are being evaluated:(a) Method A: Dig a ditch. The initial cost would be $30,000, and $10,000 ofredigging and shaping would be required at five-year intervals forever.(b)Method B: Lay concrete pipe. The initial cost would be $75,000, and replacement pipe would be required at 50-year intervals at a net cost of $90,000 indefinitely.At i = 12%, which method is the better one? (Hint: Use the capitalized-equivalent-worth approach.)
- Metal Recycling and Salvage receives the opportunity to salvage scrap metal and other materials from an old industrial site. The current owners of the site will sign over the site to Enviro at no cost. Enviro intends to extract scrap metal at the site for 24 months and then will clean up the site, return the land to useable condition, and sell it to a developer. Projected costs associated with the project follow: Read the requirements2. Requirement 1. Assuming that Enviro expects to salvage 70,000tons of metal from the site, what is the total project life cycle cost? Total Life-Cycle Costs Variable costs: Metal extraction and processing Fixed costs: Metal extraction and processing Rent on temporary buildings Administration Clean-up Land restoration Selling land Total life-cycle cost Requirement 2. Suppose Enviro can sell the metal for $110 per ton and wants to earn a…The Camino Real Landfill was required to install a plastic liner to prevent leachate from migrating into the groundwater. The fill area was 50,000 m2 and the installed liner cost was $8 per m2. In order to recover the investment, the owner charges to unload at the rates of $10 per pick-up, $25 per dumptruck, and $70 per compactor-truck load. The fill area is adequate for 4 years. If the annual traffic is estimated to be 2500 pick-up loads, 650 dumptruck loads, and 1200 compactor-truck loads, what rate of return will the landfill owner make on the investment?A remotely located air sampling station can be powered by solar cells or by running an above ground electric line to the site and using conventional power. Solar cells will cost $17,200 to install and will have a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Annual costs for inspection, cleaning, and other maintenance issues are expected to be $2,000. A new power line will cost $25,500 to install, with power costs expected to be $1,000 per year. Since the air sampling project will end in 5 years, the salvage value of the line is considered to be zero. At an interest rate of 10% per year and using an AW analysis, what must be the first cost of the above ground line to make the two alternatives equally attractive economically? The first cost of the above ground line to make the two alternatives equally attractive economically is $-1
- A bioengineer is evaluating methods used to apply an adhesive to microporous paper tape that is commonly used after surgery. The machinery costs $200,000, has no salvage value, and the CFBT estimate is $75,000 per year for up to 10 years. The Te = 38% and i = 8% per year. The two depreciation methods to consider are: MACRS with n = 5 years and SL with n = 8 years (neglect the halfyear convention effect). For a study period of 8 years, (a) determine which depreciation method and recovery period offers the better tax advantage, and (b) demonstrate that the same total taxes are paid for MACRS and SL depreciation.A remotely located air sampling station can be powered by solar cells or by running an above ground electric line to the site and using conventional power. Solar cells will cost $17,400 to install and will have a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Annual costs for inspection, cleaning, and other maintenance issues are expected to be $2,100. A new power line will cost $26,000 to install, with power costs expected to be $1,000 per year. Since the air sampling project will end in 5 years, the salvage value of the line is considered to be zero. NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.At an interest rate of 10% per year and using an AW analysis, which alternative should be selected? The annual worth of installing solar cells is $− , and the annual worth of installing a new power line is $− . The alternative to be selected is .Two landfill construction plans are being considered by a planning committee.They are:1) Plan A: Landfill with a groundwater protection system.2) Plan B: Landfill constructed with a geosynthetic liner to minimize leachates from the landfill and protectgroundwater sources.Annual amortized capital costs and risks of failure for the systems are presented in the table below:The cleanup cost, if the groundwater system should fail, is estimated to be $8,000,000.a) Determine the annual social cost of failure of each of the two plans.b) Determine to total cost per year for the two plans.c) If minimum total annual cost is the criterion for selecting a option, what plan should be chosen? Clearly justifyyour choice.