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- 1. Patents A. are a form of trade secret. B. create monopoly power. C. always increase total welfare. D. reduce deadweight loss. 2. An example of an essential facility is A. U.S. Route 66. B. your local pizza parlor. C. the telephone line into your house. D. the Golden Gate Bridge.If Congress reduced the period of patent protection from 20 years to 10 years, what would likely happen to the amount of private research and development?If you were developing a product (like a web browser) for a market with significant barriers to entry, how would you try to get your product into the market successfully?
- 1. A regulator is charged with determining the length of a patent on new intellectual property, a song. If the regulator approves the patent for a relatively long duration, what is likely to happen? a Consumers will have broader access to the song. b The song's price will be relatively low for longer. c Artists will be more encouraged to produce new songs in the future. d The songwriter will earn lower royalties from the song.1. Draw a graph of a typical natural monopoly with declining costs. a. Label monopoly price and quantity. Identify the area of deadweight loss when the monopoly chooses the profit-maximizing level of output. b. Label marginal cost price and quantity. i. How will the area of deadweight loss be impacted with marginal cost pricing? ii. What are the drawbacks to this approach? c. Label fair return price and quantity. What are the pros and cons of fair return pricing? d. What is incentive regulation? What are the positive and negative impacts of this strategy?Each of these are possible benefits from a monopoly EXCEPT A. the ability to minimize deadweight loss from production. B. potential economies of scale from production. C. more jobs in research and development. D. new innovations in technology and in the creative arts.
- Why do Economists prefer competition to monopoly?a. Competition increases social welfareb. Economists place a higher value of gains to the consumer than on gains toproducersc. Economists exclude profits when measuring social welfare.d. Economists place a higher value on gains to producers than on gains toconsumers.QUESTION 6 Which of the following is an example of a barrier to entry? O a. All other options are the examples of barriers to entry. O b. A pharmaceutical company invented a new drug to cure lung cancer and got patent. OC. An author just got a copy right for her newly published book. O d. A cable company owns the exclusive rights to provide cable services in a county. QUESTION 7 There is only one cable TV provider in a small town. The cable TV provider in that area will face O a perfect competition. O a monopoly. O a government-regulated price. O a price decided by the industry. QUESTION 8 For a monopolist a profit-maximizing quantity will be where their O marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. O marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. O marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. O average revenue is greater than the average cost.Critically evaluate and explain each statement:a. Because they can control product price, monopolists are always assured of profitable production by simply charging the highest price consumers will pay.b. The pure monopolist seeks the output that will yield the greatest per-unit profit. c. An excess of price over marginal cost is the market’s way of signaling the need for more production of a good. d. The more profitable a firm, the greater its monopoly power. e. The monopolist has a pricing policy; the competitive producer does not. f. With respect to resource allocation, the interests of the seller and of society coincide in a purely competitive market but conflict in a monopolized market. g. In a sense the monopolist makes a profit for not producing; the monopolist produces profit more than it does goods.
- Critically evaluate and explain each statement a. Because they can control product price, monopolists are always assured of profitable production by simply charging the highest price consumers will pay. b. The pure monopolist seeks the output that will yield the greatest per-unit profit. c. An excess of price over marginal cost is the market’s way of signaling the need for more production of a good. d. The more profitable a firm, the greater its monopoly power. e. The monopolist has a pricing policy; the competitive producer does not. f. With respect to resource allocation, the interests of the seller and of society coincide in a purely competitive market but conflict in a monopolized market.Please bullet point reasons why and why not patents can set innovation back rather than induce it?Gaynor is the only manufacturer of gas pumps that automatically refill. Gaynor can earn a profit on the sale of these gas pumps a. in the short run but not in the long run because new firms will enter the industry in the long run. b. in the long run but not the short run because the monopolist will face competition in the short run. c. only in the long run because government regulations prevent monopolists from earning profits in the short run. d. in the long and short run because entry into the industry by new firms is blocked.