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- Which of the following represents a short-run e_ect of a monetary contraction? Select one: O a. an increase in the interest rate O b. a reduction in the price level O c. all of the above O d. a reduction in outputSuppose that the reserve requirement for checkingdeposits is 10 percent and that banks do not hold anyexcess reserves.a. If the Fed sells $1 million of government bonds,what is the effect on the economy’s reserves andmoney supply?b. Now suppose that the Fed lowers the reserverequirement to 5 percent but that banks chooseto hold another 5 percent of deposits as excessreserves. Why might banks do so? What is theoverall change in the money multiplier and themoney supply as a result of these actions?Explain why it is not possible for growing economies to have price stability whenthe money supply is constant
- Which monetary policy tool can the Federal Reserve use to conduct an expansionary monetarypolicy (please state at least one instrument)? Which monetary policy instrument can the Fed useto conduct a restrictive monetary policy? Assume the country is experiencing highunemployment and a recession, such as during 2001, 2008-2009, and 2020. What is the Fedlikely to do in this scenario? Discuss the effects of such policy on the economy. Can you givea specific example to what the Fed did during any of those recessions? This is not a writing, it is economic.Question 4Suppose a country’s inflation level is higher than desired, and unemployment levels arelower than expected – the central bank decides that the economy is ‘overheated’ andattempts to use the appropriate monetary policy to deal with the situation. Describe,with the help of the appropriate figure, how a central bank might go about implementingsuch monetary policy, the subsequent effects this has on interest rates, the quantity ofmoney in the market, and the process through which this affects the level of expenditurein the economy.Which of the following are examples of monetary policy that decrease aggregate demand? O A. a decrease in the quantity of money and an increase in interest rates O B. a decrease in taxes and a decrease in interest rates O C. an increase in transfer payments and an increase in interest rates O D. an increase in the quantity of money and a decrease in interest rates 身
- 1. Suppose that the economy has the following money supply and demand equations: Money Supply: M = 8000Money Demand: M= 10,000 – 40,000rwhere money is in billions of dollars and interest rates, r , is written as a decimal(e.g., an interest rate of 10% would be written as .1 in the equation).A. Determine the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money.B. What will happen in the money market if the interest rate is currently 10%?What is the amount of excess supply of or excess demand for money?C. Show in graph that at this interest rate (10%) there is disequilibrium in themoney market.Economics To increase the money supply, what could the Federal Reserve do? Choose one or more: OA. make an open market sale OB. decrease the discount rate O Cincrease income taxes OD. increase the discount rate O E. make an open market purchaseOn June 5, 2003, the European Central Bank acted to decreasethe short-term interest rate in Europe by half a percentagepoint, to 2 percent. The bank’s president at the time, WillemDuisenberg, suggested that, in the future, the bank could reducerates further. The rate cut was made because European coun-tries were growing very slowly or were in recession. What effectdid the bank hope the action would have on the economy? Bespecific. What was the hoped-for result on C, I, and Y?
- Suppose that the Federal Reserve conducts an open market sale. This is considered monetary policy. In response, the size of the monetary base and the size of the money supply O contractionary; grows; grows by more expansionary: grows; grows by more contractionary; shrinks; shrinks by less O contractionary; shrinks; shrinks by more O expansionary; grows; grows by lessa) Which of the follwing monetary policy actions can be used to close an inflationary gap?O No change in the money supply to keep interest rates constant.ODecrease the money supply to decrease interest rates,OIncrease the money supply to increase interest rates.O Increase the money supply to decrease interest rates.O Decrease the money supply to increase interest rates. b) Assume the economy is initially at full-employment equilibrium. Suppose the economy slows down and uncertainty increases, reducing consumption and investment expenditures, in the short run, this shock willcause the economy to fall below full enployment. To move the economy to a full-employment equilibrium, the Fed could:O. decrease government spendingO. increase corporate tax ratesO. lower the federal fund rate targetO. increase government spending O. raise interest ratesSuppose that the economy has the following money supply and demand equations: Money Supply: M = 8000Money Demand: M= 10,000 – 40,000rwhere money is in billions of dollars and interest rates, r , is written as a decimal(e.g., an interest rate of 10% would be written as .1 in the equation).A. Determine the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money.B. What will happen in the money market if the interest rate is currently 10%?