The reaction below is the addition of HCl to 3-methylenecyclohex-1-ene. CH2 + HCI (i) Draw and name the kinetic and thermodynamic products structures of this reaction. (ii) Show the mechanism of reaction, while explaining the kinetic and thermodynamic preference of the reaction.
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- Following is a balanced equation for bromination of toluene.(a) Using the values for bond dissociation enthalpies given in Appendix 3,calculate ∆H0for this reaction.(b) Propose a pair of chain propagation steps and show that they add up to theobserved reaction.(c) Calculate ∆H0for each chain propagation step.(d) Which propagation step is rate-determininA tautometric keto (A) – enol(B) equilibrium may be formulated as follows (A) (B) CH3 – COH ß-----------àCH2 – CHOH Given the following bond energies: C – H = 435kJ mol-1 C – C = 368 C==C = 610 C – O = 357 kJmol-1 C==O = 748 kJmol-1 O – H = 462 kJ mol-1 Calculate the enthalpy change in going from Keto form (A) to the enol form (B)Please give the main substitution product for each of the following reactions, and indicate the dominant mechanism: (a) 1-bromopropane + NaOCH3 → (b) 3-bromo-3-methylpentane + NaOC2H5 →
- 4. Protonation of alcohol A and subsequent loss of water, produces the intermediate B. CH3 CH; CH, CH, — с — сH, CH, CH;CH, - C- CH, CH; | OH A B (a) (i) Name alcohol A. (11) What type of species is intermediate B? (iii) Draw the structures of the two alkenes which can be formed from species B by removal of a proton. Label as C the alkene which shows geometrical isomerism. (b) The intermediate B is readily attacked by nucleophiles such as water. What is the essential feature of a nucleophile? (c) State what final colour you would see if alcohol A were warmed with acidified potassium dichromate(VI). Explain your answer. Colour Explanation . (ii) Draw two structural isomers of alcohol A which form branched chain ketones when heated with acidified potassium dichromate(VI), but which could not form alkene C on dehydration.The rate law for addition of Br2 to an alkene is first orderin Br2 and first order in the alkene. Does this informationsuggest that the mechanism of addition of Br2 to analkene proceeds in the same manner as for addition of HBr?Explain.Draw an approximate reaction-energy diagram showing the curves for the two possible pathways for ionic addition of HBr to 1-methylcyclohexene. (a) Formation of the major product, 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane, and (b) formation of the minor product, 1-bromo-2-methylcyclohexane. Point out how these curves show that 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane should be formed faster
- For each alkane, which mono brominated derivatives could you form in good yield by free-radical bromination?(a) cyclopentane (b) methylcyclopentane(c) 2-methylpentane (d) 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutanePropene reacts with hydrogen bromide to form two isomers, the major product being, 2- bromopropane. 1(c) Draw the mechanism of the reaction of hydrogen bromide with propene to form 1- bromopropane and 2-bromopropane, showing the structure of both intermediates. (i) (ii) Explain why 2-bromopropane is the major product.(b) Complete the following reactions : (i) D H3C CH3 H H كما .NO2 B | Bra/Dioxane .COCH3 A
- (a) (i) 3-Methyl-2-butanol will react with sulphuric acid to give two isomeric alkenes in 3:1 proportions.(i) Write down the structures for these alkenes and assign appropriate systematic names to them. (ii) Name the most abundant isomer. (iii) Write down detailed mechanism for the formation of a minor product.Provide the structure(s) of the expected major organic product of the reaction shown. 1) Disiamylborane 2) H₂O₂, NaOH OI O II ||| O IV OV CH3CH₂C(CH3)2C=CH OH OH xx xo IV5. Consider the synthesis of 2-butanone from butyne: Hg2+ CH3CH,-C=C–H CH3CH, Ĉ -CH3 H3o* (i) Draw the structure of the compound D. (ii) Compound D isomerizes to form 2-butanone. What is this isomeric process called? (iii) Use the mechanism to show the conversion of compound D to 2-butanone.