The normal-form game box below outlines a generic game for two players to illustrate basic principles. Each player has two strategies (top and bottomfor player 1 and left and right for player 2). The letters in the boxes represent the payoffs based on the combination of strategies chosen, so if thechoices are (bottom, left), player 1 receives a payoff of e and player 2 receives a payoff of f.Player 2Game MatrixLeftRightTopa, bPlayer 1Bottome, fc, dg.h2nd attemptPart 1 (1 point)If (top, left) is a dominant strategy equilibrium, which of the following must be true?Choose one or more:A. h>tB. g>cC. b> dD. c> gE. a> eF. f>hWhich of the following statements is true?Choose one or more:A. No Nash equilibrium is also a dominant strategy equilibrium.B. No dominant strategy equilibrium is also a Nash equilibrium.C. Every dominant strategy equilibrium is also a Nash equilibrium.D. Every Nash equilibrium is also a dominant strategy equilibrium.See Hint

The objective of the question is to understand the conditions that must be true for (top, left) to…

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Microeconomic Theory

12th Edition

ISBN:9781337517942

Author:NICHOLSON

Publisher:NICHOLSON

Chapter8: Game Theory

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.7P

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The following payoff matrix represents a simultaneous-move game between two players: Kay and Jack. Each player has two choices: Black or White. The first number in each cell is the payoff to Kay, and the second number is the payoff to Jack. Jay Black White 50, 30, Black 50 30 Кay 45, 40, White 30 50 Refer to the scenario above. Which is true? a. This game has a dominant strategy equilibrium. b. This game has two dominant strategy equilibria. c. This game has two Nash equilibria. d. This game has one Nash equilibrium.
Consider the following payoff matrix below. Player 1 and Player 2 have two options, A or B. The payoffs are given in the form of (Player 1, Player 2). Higher numbers are more desirable. What is Player 2's dominant strategy? Player 2 B A Player 1 A 5,6 2,2 B 4,3 5,2 O Play A Play B O No Dominant Strategy
Question 2: Consider two players, A and B, each of which can choose action X or Y. Their payoffs are represented in the following matrix, where K is a constant. Player A X Y X A: 15 B: 12 A: 20 B: 30 Player B Y A: 18 B: 24 A: 18 + K B: 22 Q2 a) First assume that K > 0. Does either player have a dominant strategy? If so, explain what it is and why. Q2 b) Again assuming that K > 0, explain with appropriate discussion what is the Nash equilibrium of this game. Q2 c) Now assume that K<0. Do players have dominant strategies and what is the Nash equilibrium in this case? Does your answer depend on the specific (negative) value of K? Explain the reason behind the differences between the results in point c) and those in points a) and b).
Use the following payoff matrix for a one-shot game to answer the accompanying questions. Player 2 Strategy X Y Player 1 A 30, 30 16, -50 B -50, 16 50, 50 A. Determine the Nash equilibrium outcomes that arise if the players make decisions independently, simultaneously, and without any communication. check all that apply (16, −50) (−50, 16) (30, 30) (50, 50) Which of these outcomes would you consider most likely? multiple choice (16, −50) (50, 50) (−50, 16) (30, 30) B. Suppose player 1 is permitted to “communicate” by uttering one syllable before the players simultaneously and independently make their decisions. What should player 1 utter? multiple choice A or B What outcome do you think would occur as a result? multiple choice (−50, 16) (16, −50) (30, 30) (50, 50) c. Suppose player 2 can choose its strategy before player 1, that player 1 observes player 2’s choice before making her decision, and that this move structure is…
The following table contains the possible actions and payoffs of players 1 and 2. Player 1 U M D L 2,10 2,5 8,7 Player 2 C 5,2 11,8 8,4 R 5,4 2,9 8,3 This is a simultaneous move game. In a pure strategy Nash equilibrium of this game, Player 1 receives a payoff of ✓and player 2 receives a payoff of If, instead of playing simultaneously, player 2 moves first, then in the Nash equilibrium player 1 receives a payoff of ✓and player 2 receives a payoff of
2. Consider the following 2 → 2 normal form games: In both games Player 1 (the row player) chooses either strategy A or strategy B. Player 2 (the column player) chooses simultaneously strategy A or B. The outcomes are defined by the following matrices. The first number in each cell indicates the payoff of Player 1, the second number (after the comma) indicates the payoff of Player 2. A B Game I A B 50X, 30X 10X, 10X 10X, 10X 30X, 50X Game II A A 110X, 30X B 10X, 10X B 10X, 10X 30X, 50X where X > 0 is a payoff scale parameter. (a) For both games: find all Nash equilibria in pure strategies, if any, and find the Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. How would you describe this strategic interaction in the two games?
Consider a game in which there is $4 to be divided, and the first mover is only permitted to make one of three proposals: (a) $3 for the first mover and $1 for the second mover, (b) $2 for each, or (c) $1 for the first movier and $3 for the second mover. The second mover is shown the proposal and can either accept, in which case it is implemented, or reject and cause each to earn $0. Show this game in extensive (tree) form. Be sure to show the payoffs for each person, with the first mover listed on the left, for each of the six terminal nodes.
Use the following payoff matrix for a one-shot game to answer the accompanying questions. Player 2 Strategy X Y Player 1 A 50, 50 -110, 6 B 6, -110 26, 26 a. Determine the Nash equilibrium outcomes that arise if the players make decisions independently, simultaneously, and without any communication.check all that apply (26,26) (50,50) (-110,6) (6,-110) Which of these outcomes would you consider most likely?multiple choice 1 (-110,6) (50,50) (6,-110) (26,26) b. Suppose player 1 is permitted to “communicate” by uttering one syllable before the players simultaneously and independently make their decisions. What should player 1 utter?multiple choice 2 B A What outcome do you think would occur as a result?multiple choice 3 (26,26) (50,50) (-110,6) (6,-110) c. Suppose player 2 can choose its strategy before player 1, that player 1 observes player 2’s choice before making her decision, and that this move…
a) Draw an extensive form game with 4 outcomes (2 moves for player 1 followed by 2 moves for 2 after each of 1's moves) and no pure strategy Nash equilibrium. b) Write the strategic form to verify your answer to (a) c) Draw an extensive form 2-player game, in which both players always move, that has exactly 4 outcomes, 1 subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and no non-subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and no dominant strategies. d) Write the strategic form and use it to verify your answer to (b)
the Consider a simultaneous-move integer game between two players: Marilyn and Noah. Each of player is required to announce a positive integer between 1 to 4. In other words, a player can announce 1, 2, 3, or 4. Two players announce their integers simultaneously. Notice that this game is different from the games we learned in class in that each player has four actions to take. The payoffs of the players in the game are specified as follows: (1) when the two announced integers are different, whoever reports the lower number pays $1 to the other player, so that the loser of the game has payoff -1 and the winner of the game has payoff 1; (2) when the two players announce the same integer, their payoffs are both O. What is Marilyn's maximin strategy? 01 02 03 O
In a gambling game, Player A and Player B both have a $1 and a $5 bill. Each player selects one of the bills without the other player knowing the bill selected. Simultaneously they both reveal the bills selected. If the bills do not match, Player A wins Player B's bill. If the bills match, Player B wins Player A's bill. a. Develop the game theory table for this game. The values should be expressed as the gains (or losses) for Player A. b. Is there a pure strategy? Why or why not? Determine the optimal strategies and the value of this game. Does the game favor one player over the other? d. Suppose Player B decides to deviate from the optimal strategy and begins playing each bill 50% of the time. What should Player A do to improve Player A’s winnings? Comment on why it is important to follow an optimal game theory strategy. с.
The strategies and payoffs are given in the table. The first number of each payoff pair in the matrix is the payoff of player P1, and the second is the payoff of player P2. P2 Strategies Left Right P1 Up (2, 4) (1, 3) Strategies Down (1, 6) (6, 5) Select each pair of actions that would be a Nash Equilibrium of the above game. Up, Left Down, Left Up, Right Down, Right

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