The green band consisted of chlorophylls. What does it tell you about the relative polarity of the chlorophylls ( compared to the carotenoids, the yellow band) that they would only move through the column after switching from a 90:10 mixture of hexane:acetone to only acetone.
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- (2) Sally starts eluting her column with petroleum ether in hopes of separating her 50:50 ferrocene: fluorenone mixture. She notices her mobile phase getting low when there is limited separation between her two components. She eagerly adds more solvent to avoid her column from drying out. Sally then realizes she poured from her 1:1 petroleum ether: diethyl ether beaker rather than her petroleum ether beaker. (a) Using the molecular view below, explain how this would impact her product elution from the column. top of column H buret wall AI H H H H H H H H H H bottom of column buret wall (b) How does this error impact her experimental results? (c) Using pictures and words, how could Sally analyze the purity of her product? FeBackground: Given an unknown mixture which contains either two or three of the following liquids: tetrahydrofuran (THF), cyclohexane, toluene, and o-xylene. While the order that the compounds leave the column is not always obvious, the column we are using is a polar environment and therefore we would expect less polar (lower boiling) compounds to spend the least time in the column. In order to qualitatively confirm the identity of the peaks, you will make five different samples to analyze on the gas chromatograph: (a) your unknown, (b) unknown + THF, (c) unknown + cyclohexane, (d) unknown + toluene, and (e) unknown + o-xylene. Any new peak that appearsin relation to your unknown sample indicates that compound is not present in your unknown; furthermore, an increase in the size of a peak present in your unknown identifies that compound as a component of the mixture. Although not completely accurate, the areas of the peaks in your unknown will allow you to find the approximate percentage…Hexanoic acid was added to an immiscible biphasic solvent sysem, water and CCl4 at 20.0OC and the equilibrium concentrations of hexanoic acid were determined to be 3.66 g/L in H2O and 67.0 g/L in CCl4. Caluclate the distrubution coeffiecent (D1) of hexanoic acid in CCl4 with respect to water.
- 5. In this experiment the height of liquid measured using the capillaryrise method (h in equation 14 below) is usually between 1 and 5cm. The capillary radius (r in equation 14 below) is usuallybetween 0.3 and 0.7 mm. Use this information and anapproximation to rewrite equation 14 in a much simpler form. Inthis version of equation 14, ρ has been replaced by d = density,do not use Greek letters or numbers. Equation 14: γ = 0.5(h+r/3)rdg ≈ 0.5[a]A molecular exclusion column has a diameter of 7.8 mm and a length of 30 cm. The solid portion of the particles occupies 20% of the volume, the pores occupy 40%, and the volume between particles occupies 40%. (a) At what volume would totally excluded molecules be expected to emerge? (b) At what volume would the smallest molecules be expected? (c) A mixture of polymers of various molecular masses is eluted between 23 and 27 mL. What does this imply about the retention mechanism for these solutes on the column?Briefly explain the principles involved in the separation of the components of a mixture by solvent extraction.
- Deduce the equilibrium ratio of NH4+ to NO3- at a pH of 6.0 (a) for aerobic water having a pE value of +11, and (b) for anaerobic water for which the pE value is -3.(a) In High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the separation method is by partition of the solute (analyte) between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. Explain how this leads to separation of analyte mixtures; (b) Describe the structure and materials use in a typical column used for HPLC. Thereby explain why high pressures have to be used in HPLC; (c) Discuss how the need for high pressures also imposes requirements on the injector;Arrange the following compounds in order of decreasing ease of elution from a column of silica gel: (a) 2-octanol; (b) 1,3-dichlorobenzene; (c) tert-butylcyclo hexane; (d) benzoic acid.
- 4.(a) Aqueous 50.5 % (w/w) sodium hydroxide has a density of 1.53 g cm–3. Calculate the concentration of this solution in mol dm–3. (b) What volume of 50.5 % (w/w) aqueous sodium hydroxide is required to prepare 500 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 stock NaOH? [Start with your answer to 4(a)]During an assay of paracetamol by UV an analyst prepares a series of calibration solutions containing approximately 3-15 mcg/mL paracetamol as follows: 135.4 mg of pure paracetamol was added to a 200 mL volumetric flask. 0.1 M NaOH (50 mL) was added, the mixture well shaken and made up to volume with deionized water • 10 mL of the above solution was diluted to 100 mL a) What is the concentration of the final diluted solution in mcg/mL? Answer = mcg/mL (1 decimal) tem b) What volume of the diluted solution is required to prepare 100 mL of a 5 mcg/mL standard solution? Answer = mL (1 decimal) A QueWater and 1-butanol are only partially miscible, so that when the two liquids are mixed, separate phases are formed. A mixture is prepared, in which the volumes of the aqueous and organic phases are equal. Ethanoic acid is then added to the mixture. The concentration in the aqueous phase is 0.094 mol dm-3 and in the organic phase 0.014 mol dm-3 . Additional solvent is then added such that the volume of the aqueous phase becomes double that of the organic phase. What are the new concentrations?