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- A law school is trying to gain a better understanding of the determinants of bar passage rates. Suppose that they the following facts were uncovered: 1. The probability with which a randomly selected graduate has received an A in Economic Foundations of Legal Studies (EFLS) is 0.3;2. The probability with which a randomly selected graduate has passed the bar exam is 0.81;3. The probability with which a randomly selected graduate has received an A in EFLS and has passed the bar exam is 0.27. Which of the following statements is true regarding the events X and Y, defined as follows: X = “a randomly selected graduate having received an A in EFLS”; andY = “a randomly selected student having passed the bar exam”? A) X and Y are independent events, and this can be verified by noting that P(X|Y) = 0.3.B) X and Y are not independent events, and this can be verified by noting that P(X|Y) = 0.3.C) X and Y are not independent events, and this can be verified by noting that P(X|Y) =.333.D) X and Y…Consider a worker who works for at most two periods (say, when young and when old) at a particular firm. Each period, the worker can choose between exerting high effort and exerting low effort. The worker's cost of exerting high effort are Cy when young and Co when old. The worker's cost of exerting low effort are zero. The effort of the worker is difficult to observe by the firm. With probability T, the firm observes the worker's effort at the end of a period. With the remaining probability, the firm does not observe the worker's effort. The firm can only fire the worker when it observed that the worker has shirked. In that case, the firm is also allowed to withhold the worker's wage for the period in which the worker was caught shirking. When exerting high effort, the worker's productivity is q, when young and q, when old. When exerting low effort, the worker's productivity is zero. The worker's value of alternative job opportunities is when young and v, when old. For simplicity, the…Suppose there exist n = 1000 firms that seek to gain access to a small niche market that is regulated. Suppose that one firm will obtain access and that will get that firm an additional R = $50,000 in profits. Each firm already receives $1 million in profits from other ventures. a. Suppose the probability of winning the rents is linear in investment, each firm has an equal chance of winning and they are all risk-neutral. How much will each firm invest in rent-seeking? Are the rents fully dissipated? b. Suppose instead that the probability of winning changes with the amount invested in rent-seeking, so that each firm’s odds of gaining access are π(n,I) = I1/2 /n. Is the probability of winning increasing or decreasing in investment? Are there diminishing returns to rent-seeking? c. How much will each firm invest in rent-seeking? Are the rents fully dissipated, less than fully dissipated, or more than fully dissipated?
- Suppose there are two types of people, high ability and low ability. A high-ability person's productivity is valued at wH = $100,000, while a low-ability person's productivity is valued at wL = $50,000. Assume that the employer does not know the ability of a job applicant, but knows that the probability of an applicant being high ability is 50%. Assume next that only high ability applicants can send a signal, i.e., obtain a degree. The employer pays the expected wage. i. What is the wage oer in a pooling equilibrium (no applicant attains a degree)? ii. What is the wage oer in a separating equilibrium (only high-ability applicants attain a degree)? iii. Suppose now both types can attain a degree, but it is costlier to attain for low-ability people and costs them cL = $60,000, while it costs high-ability people cH = $40,000. Is a separating equilibrium where only high-ability people send education as a signal possible? Explain.Bob earn 60,000 a year and an accounting firm each year he receives Reyes Bob has determined that the probability that he receives a 10% raise is .7 the probability that he earns a 3% raise is .2 and the probability that he earns a 2% raise is .1 a competing company has offered Bob a similar position for 65,000 a year Bob wonders if he should take the new job or take his chances with his current job. a. Find the mathematical expectation of the dollar amount of his raise at his current job b.ps Suppose that every driver faces a 4% probability of an automoblle accident every year. An accident will, on average, cost each driver $9,000. Suppose there are two types of Individuals: those with $72,000.00 In the bank and those with $2,250.00 In the bank. Assume that Individuals with $2,250.00 In the bank declare bankruptcy If they get in an accldent. In bankruptcy, creditors recelve only what Individuals have In the bank. Assume that both types of Indtviduals are only slightly risk averse. In this scenarto, the actuarially fair price of full Insurance, In which all damages are pald by the Insurance company, Is Assume that the price of Insurance Is set at the actuarlally falr price. At this price, drivers with $72,000.00 in the bank likely buy Insurance, and those with $2,250,00 In the bank likely v buy Insurance. (Hint: For each type of dnver, compare the price of Insurance to the expected cost without Insurance.) Suppose a state law has been passed forcing all Individuals to…
- Suppose a municipality were considering a ban on sugary soft drinks. They estimate that 20% of the obesity in the city can be attributed to sugary soft drinks, and thus the ban would be expected to reduce obesity by 20%, citywide. Which measure corresponds to '20%? a. Odds ratio b. Population attributable proportion c. Cumulative incidence d. Relative risk e. Risk difference f. Attributable risk among the exposedA risk-eutral plaintiff in a lawsuit must decide whether to settle a claim or go to trial. The defendants offer $70,000 to settle now. If the plaintiff does not settle, the plaintiff believes that the probability of winning at trial is 40%. If the plaintiff wins, the amount awarded to the plaintiff is X. Will the plaintiff settle if X is $87,500? What if X= $280,000? What is the critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial? If the plaintiff were risk averse instead of risk neutral, would this critical value of X be higher or lower? If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $87,500, then the plaintiff would settle If the amount to be awarded at trial with a win (X) were $280,000, then the plaintiff would not settle The critical value of X that would make the plaintiff indifferent between settling and going to trial is $. (Enter your response using rounded to two decimal places.)Employees of a local university have been classified according to gender and job type. Gender Job Male (M) Female (F) Faculty (FA) Salaried staff (SS) 110 10 30 50 Hourly staff (HS) 60 40 If an employee is selected at random, what is the probability that the employee is female, given that the employee is a salaried member of the staff? Select one: O A. 167 О в. 625 O C. 267 O D. 375 O E. 500
- An IBD/TIPP poll conducted to learn about attitudes toward investment and retirement asked male and female respondents how important they felt level of risk was in choosing a retirement investment. The following survey result was construed from the data of 500 respondents. "Important" means the respondent said level of risk was either important or very important. Important Not Important Total Male 150 132 282 Female 210 108 318 Total 360 240 500 a. Construct a probability table. b. What is the probability that a survey respondent will say level of risk is important? C. What is the probability a male survey respondent will say level of risk is important? d. What is the probability a female survey respondent will say level of risk is important? e. Do male and female attitudes toward risk differ? Hint: check if the level of risk is independent to the gender of the respondent.Suppose that a worker value jobs by both the wage rate and the workplace collegiality. The woker's utility is strictly increasing in the wage rate but strictly decreasing in the chance of being bullied in the workplace. The utility function of the worker is U = wa (1-), where a = 0.5, w is the wage rate and b is the probability that a worker is bullied in a workplace. Suppose for a typical job A, the chance of getting bullied is 0.01, and the wage rate is 100. Which of the following statements is correct? If job B offer w = 121 and b = 0.04, the worker would prefer job B to job а. A If job B offer w = 144 and b = 0.09, the worker would prefer job B to job b. A If job B offer w = 80 and b = 0, the worker would prefer job B to job A С. If job B has bullying probablity b = 0.04, the worker is indifferent between job A and job B. Then, the compensating wage differential of job B is at least 25. d. е. If job B offer w = 80 and b = 0, the worker would be indifferent between job A and job B.Exercise 3.17 (competitive product market interac- tions). There is a mass 1 of identical entrepreneurs with the variable-investment technology described in Section 3.4. The representative entrepreneur has wealth A, is risk neutral, and is protected by limited liability. Denote the average investment by I and the indi- vidual investment i (in equilibrium i = I by symme- try but we need to distinguish the two in a first step in order to compute the competitive equilibrium). A project produces Ri units of goods when successful and 0 when it fails. The probability of success is pH in the case of good behavior (the entrepreneur receives no private benefit) and pL = pH − ∆p in the case of misbehavior (the entrepreneur then receives private benefit Bi). Assume that it is optimal to induce the entrepreneur to behave. The market price of output is P = P(Q), with P' 0, where Q is aggregate production (with P(Q) tend- R ≡ RS…