Simple substitution reactions, CR3X  +  Z    CR3Z  +  X often occur by one of two pathways, either a one-step mechanism or a two-step mechanism.  (The R in the reaction can be a wide variety of C-containing groups that do not participate in the reaction.)  Researchers run a substitution reaction in which an intermediate is observed.  What, if anything, did they learn about the mechanism?

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Diol

In chemistry there are so many chemical compounds that have a hydroxyl group but a chemical compound having two hydroxyl groups (-OH) is termed as a diol. It also implies the presence of two alcohols whereas polyols contain two or more than two hydroxyl groups (-OH). Glycol or 1,2-diol is an aliphatic diol that has two alcohol groups on adjacent carbon atoms. In industries, the most commonly used diol is ethylene glycol.