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- Question 1 Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is actually thought to be a natural neuroprotective agent induced by neuronal stress or injury. O True O False Question 2 Which of the following is not a property of serine protease? A globular protein with high molecular weight ● It is initially synthesized as a zymogen It has uniquely activated tyrosine residue at the active site Cleaves polypeptide at a specific amino acid residue Question 3 RTK is activated by cyclic AMP. O True FalseEffects of BPA on phosphorylation of MAPKfamily in RAW264.7 cells conclusionQuestion 5. Which of the following statements regarding G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) is true? A. The GPCR is a tyrosine kinase. B. The trimeric G-protein becomes inactivated upon binding to the GPCR. C. The GPCR functions as a dimer. D. The GPCR associates with a trimeric G-protein. E. The GPCR is activated without binding to ligand. A B Multiple Choice C D E
- 49 Some cells release active signaling proteins when membrane-bound precursor proteins are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The signaling proteins can then bind to receptors on the surface of a target cell, thereby activating an intracellular signaling pathway and eliciting a response from the target cell. 0/1 This mechanism of activating receptor-binding signaling proteins has been observed in a variety of organisms from bacteria to humans. Many of the enzymes responsible for proteolysis of membrane-bound precursor proteins have been isolated and characterized. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to investigate whether the proteolytic enzymes are evolutionarily conserved among species? Once the precursor proteins of different species are cleaved, do the active signaling proteins bind to the same receptors on different target cells? If a proteolytic enzyme from one species is incubated with a precursor protein from another species, does correct cleavage occur? Are…Question 4. Which of the following statements are true of tyrosine kinases? A. They always bind to a dimeric ligand. B. They trans-autophosphorylate themselves in their cytoplasmic domain. C. They must be associated with a G-protein to function. D. They contain seven membrane-spanning domains. E. They always activate a transcription factor. A B Multiple Choice C D EQuestion 23 Which process is not an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression: O Epigenetics UTRs miRNA's O Splicing
- The properties of two types of organization of kinases (held in a signaling complex by a scaffolding protein and the other kinases are freely diffusible) in terms of signal amplification, speed, and potential for cross-talk between signaling pathways.Question 4. Which of the following statements are true of tyrosine kinases? A. They always bind to a dimeric ligand. B. They trans-autophosphorylate themselves in their cytoplasmic domain. C. They must be associated with a G-protein to function. D. They contain seven membrane-spanning domains. E. They always activate a transcription factor.Answer both to get a like or don't attempt.Thanks Question 9 Listen Transphosphorylation, the bidirectional recpiprocal phosphorylation of growth factor dimers, results in the phosphorylation of an array of tyrosine residues present in cytoplasmic portions of the growth factor receptor outside the kinase domain. Question 9 options: TRUE FALSE Question 10 Listen For the EGF receptor: Question 10 options: Spontaneous receptor dimerization precedes receptor binding. The EGF ligand serves as a bridge to dimerize receptors. Are overexpressed in many human cancers making them hyper-responsive to low levels of ligand. A and C are both correct. B and C are both correct.
- Question Chemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule. The signaling molecule binds cell-surface receptors that result in actin polymerization at the cell membrane. Actin polymerization results in the formulation of filamentous actin that exerts a force and leads to protrusion of the leading edge. A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions. Part A Which of these structures, if present in a prokaryote, would prevent the organism from using this type of actin polymerization to chemotax toward a signal? A. cell wall B. flagellum C. mitochondrion D. ribosome Part B In the model proposed, which of these events MOST likely occurs to facilitate chemotaxis? A. Integrins anchor the cell to extracellular components. B. Motor proteins move actin toward the leading edge. C.…Question Chemotaxis is a process by which cells migrate toward higher concentrations of a signaling molecule. The signaling molecule binds cell-surface receptors that result in actin polymerization at the cell membrane. Actin polymerization results in the formulation of filamentous actin that exerts a force and leads to protrusion of the leading edge. A researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Use the EGF Pathway passage to answer the questions. Part C Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition…Why do Receptor Tyrosine Kinases have to form a dimer?
