Pilot Petroleum Associates, Inc., and various affiliated companies distributed gasoline to retail gasoline stations in the state of New York. Pilot owned some of these stations and leased them to individual operators who were under contract to purchase gasoline from Pilot. The EPA took samples of gasoline from five different service stations to which Pilot had sold unleaded gasoline. These samples showed that Pilot had delivered “unleaded gasoline that contained amounts of lead in excess of that permitted by the Clean Air Act and EPA regulations.” The United States brought criminal charges against Pilot for violating the act and EPA regulations and sought fines from Pilot. Who wins? Explain.

Pilot Petroleum Associates, Inc., and various affiliated companies distributed gasoline to retail gasoline stations in the state of New York. Pilot owned some of these stations and leased them to individual operators who were under contract to purchase gasoline from Pilot. The EPA took samples of gasoline from five different service stations to which Pilot had sold unleaded gasoline. These samples showed that Pilot had delivered “unleaded gasoline that contained amounts of lead in excess of that permitted by the Clean Air Act and EPA regulations.” The United States brought criminal charges against Pilot for violating the act and EPA regulations and sought fines from Pilot. Who wins? Explain.