Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that acetyl-COA allostericqally regulates ( and declare whether it is an activator or inhibitor.)
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Name one reaction of glycolysis, one anaplerotic reaction, and one reaction of TCA cycle that acetyl-COA allostericqally regulates ( and declare whether it is an activator or inhibitor.)
Allosteric regulation is the process of controlling an enzyme, either by activating or inhibiting the activity of enzyme. This regulation is processed by an effector molecule which binds to the site other than the enzyme's active site also. The binding site called as allosteric site or regulatory site.
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- Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by several mechanisms. Name all you can think of.In the pyruvae dehydrogensae complex, acetyl-coa is released by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase activity. What is the purpose of the following enzymatic activity.The peroxisomal enzyme b-ketoacyl–CoA-thiolase does notbind medium-chain acyl-CoA, in contrast to the analogousmitochondrial enzyme. Explain why this phenomenon is anadvantage to the cell.
- The TCA cycle entails eight enzymatically catalyzed steps starting with the entry of acetyl-CoA into the cycle. (a) Name the enzymes catalyzing each of the steps in the order in which they operate. Indicate the production of reducing power (NADHFADH.), CO, and high energy phosphate at the steps which produce them (b) Which TCA cycle intermediates yield amino acids upon direct transamination, and name those amino acids. You need not draw any structures at all to answer this question.Fatty acids are activated for breakdown through the action of acyl-CoA synthestase. Which of the following statements regarding acyl-CoA synthetase is not true? ● It catalyzes the addition of CoA to the fatty acid One of the products of the reaction is ADP. O The free energy change for the reaction catalyzed by this reaction is close to 0 kJ/mol, but the subsequent hydrolysis of pyrophosphate drives the reaction forward. O The reaction results in the formation of a thioester bond.Fourteen NADPH molecules are required to produce one molecules of palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. Substantiate this statement by referring to the enzymatic activities involved in reduction steps during fatty acid synthesis and the number of cycles required to produce palmitic acid from acetyl CoA. How many molecules of ATP is required for the synthesis of palmitic acid from cytosolic acetyl-CoA?
- Fatty acid biosynthesis begins with the condensation of a two-carbon acetyl residue from acetyl-COA and oxaloacetate, while oxidation leads to the release of two carbon units, acetyl-CoA and fatty acyl-CoA. However, these two processes are not simple reversal. Compare and contrast these two pathways.Glucagon secretion inhibits intracellular acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity through a number of different methods. Make a list of everything that comes to mind.Cholesterol synthesis and ketogenesis share the first few reactions after which the pathways deviate. Provide a schematic presentation showing the production of ketone bodies from acetyl-CoA and where cholesterol synthesis deviates from this pathway (first intermediate that differs between the two pathways).
- The products of pyrimidine base catabolism, β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate, can be further degraded to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively. Can you suggest the types of reaction required to accomplish these transformations?1) Humans do not undergo net synthesis of carbohydrate from acetyl- CoA, yet carbons of acetyl -CoA can be incorporated into glucose and amino acids. Show pathways as to how this can happen. 2) A molecule -X inhibits oxidation of stearoyl-CoA by isolated mitochondria but has no effect on palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation, explain.A number of genetic deficiencies in acyl CoA dehydrogenases have been described. This deficiency presents early in life after a period of fasting. Symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, and sometimes coma. Not only are blood levels of glucose low ( hypoglycemia), but starvation-induced ketosis is absent. Provide a biochemical explanation for these last two observations.