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- 1. Explain the reaction mechanism involved how glucogenic amino acids can yield either a pyruvic acid or an oxaloacetic acid. In what pathway will pyruvic or oxaloacetic acid be used and why is this pathway important? 2. Discuss the reaction mechanism involved how the -NH2 groups of amino acids are being metabolized. 3. Explain why gluconeogenesis under conditions of starvation or diabetes breaks down body proteins. Complete answer please. Thank you. |困 1 Which amino acid group is attributed Tryptophan could be considered as 'to the Maple syrup urine disease as 2 precursor of which compound? * Most of the ammonia released from 3 What cofactor is required for the 4 Which of following statements about 1 alpha amino acids reflects the Isynthesis of amino acid from carbohydrate intermediates in 5 hydroxyproline is INCORRECT? * an inborn error of metabolism? coupled action of transaminase and Melanin what other catalyst? * transamination? * Hydroxylation of proline residues is catalysed by a dioxygenase. Dicarboxylic amino acids O Melatonin O L-glutamate dehydrogenase O Niacin O Aromatic amino acids O Epinephrine Free proline cannot be hydroxylated to hydroxyproline. O L-amino acid oxidase Thiamin O Branched chain amino acids O Thyroid hormones O Carboxylase O Pyridoxal phosphate It is present in large amounts in collagen Sulphur-containing amino acids O Aminotransferase O There is no codon for hydroxyproline. O Riboflavin 7 Which of the…29. Labels. Suppose that you had an in vitro fatty acid- synthesizing system that had all of the enzymes and cofactors required for fatty acid synthesis except for acetyl CoA. To this system, you added acetyl CoA that contained radioactive hydrogen (³H, tritium) and carbon 14 (¹4C) as shown here. 3H O 14 3H-C-C SCOA 3H The ratio of ³H/¹4C is 3. What would the ³H/14C ratio be after the synthesis of palmitic acid (C₁6) with the use of the radioactive acetyl CoA?
- Amino AcidMetabolism. a. What are the SIXprecursors used in amino acid biosynthesis? b. What are the SEVEN metabolic intermediates that result from amino acid degradation? c. Circle the metabolites found in your answers to both a) & b) above. d) What is the difference between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids? List the glucogenic amino acids, the ketogenic amino acids & the amino acids that are both glucogenic & ketogenic.Fill in the blanks. Acetaminophen toxicity can occur at high doses in the liver. because ___________ (what type of molecules?) can become saturated and other routes of metabolism take over.Please explain to me what the correct molecule(?) is and why it is correct. I understand that the glucuronidation and sulfation conjugation pathways become saturated, but am not understanding what molecule(s) it is/are that is/are becoming saturated leading to the other routes of metabolism and acetaminophen toxicity.X INCORRECT; see section 13.1 Enzymes occasionally display weak "“side" activities. Draw the structure of the product (other than ADP) of the reaction that results when pyruvate kinase, operating in reverse, uses lactate as a substrate. For your structure: 1. Do not include primary or secondary hydrogens. CH2 HO OH Edit Drawing
- Palmitoleic acid, 16:1Δ⁹ hexadecaenoic acid, (16 carbon FA with one double bond )is an important fatty acid component of TAGs and cell membranes. Briefly explain the process of beta oxidation of this fatty acid and the number (only) of FADH, NADH and acetyl CoA outcome. What is the total ATP (only number) generated from this fatty acid after beta oxidation.NH2 'N. NH NH NH2 Benzamidine and Leupeptin are competitive trypsin inhibitors. They are shown in their deprotonated forms at high pH. Modify the above drawings to show the protonation and charge at pH 7.0 Draw competitive inhibitors for chymotrypsin based on these structures IZ ZI ZILong explanations are not needed. Direct answers would suffice. a. Lactose, a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose, is an example of ______. I. sugar phosphate II. reducing sugar III. non-reducing sugar b. The two most common amino sugars, B-D-glucosamine and B-D-galactosamine are formed from their respective carbohydrates by substitution of an amino group in place of the hydroxyl group on carbon _____. I. 3 II. 5 III. 2 IV. 4 V. 5
- i. How dihydroxyacetone phosphate is formed from glycerol? Write the chemical reactions. a& ii. What product is formed by the reaction of B-glucose with ATP? OH HO Ho Hexokinase OH ATP OH OH Glucose iii. Why saturated fatty acids haye high melting points than their unsaturated counterparts? naà k7TRUE OR FALSE 1. In the structure of Aztreonam, addition of a moiety capable of Van de Waals interaction confers stability against beta-lactamases 2. Addition of an acyl amino group to carbapenems increases their resistance to acid degradation, thus, making them stable in an oral dosage form 3. In the core structure of monobactams, the methyl group cannot be rotated because of its attachment on the beta lactam ring. The structure is too rigid for the methyl group to be rotatedF Ν HN. Ν CO2H Ciproflaxin from Aniline/ 2-Aminoacetophenone/ Benzene
