Membrane lipids in tissue
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- Membrane lipids in tissue samples obtained from different parts of a reindeer’s leg have different fatty acid compositions. Membrane lipidsfrom tissue near the hooves contain a larger proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than those from tissue in the upper leg. What is the significance of this observation?Lipoprotein particles (Figure 3.18) are spherical clusters of protein and lipid molecules that circulate in the blood of animals and are rather substantial in size (see Figure 3.11). They function similarly to suitcases, transporting cholesterol, fatty acid residues, triglycerides, and phospholipids from one location in the body to another throughout the body. In light of your knowledge of lipid insolubility in water, which of the four types of lipids would you expect to be on the exterior of a lipoprotein clump that is bathed in the water-based fluid part of blood?In a TPN bag contains: Kcal of 1000 ml of D50 W, 1000 ml of 7% amino acids, and 650 ml of 20% lipids. A. How many total kcal is provided by this bag of TPN?
- Lipid solubility is an important parameter that determines the predicted effectiveness of new pharmaceutical medications ahead of their release for public use. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the relevance of lipid solubility in medications? A B с D High lipid solubility will ensure the presence of energy-storing lipid molecules to support the chemical functions of the medication. Low lipid solubility will allow the medication to remain longer in the body, increasing its effectiveness. Low lipid solubility will facilitate more favorable interactions with enzymes in the body. allowing the medication to act more quickly. High lipid solubility will allow the medication to more readily diffuse through the cell membrane.a. Write one example each of a saturated fatty acid and its occurrence in nature (what plant or animal) b. An example of a Mono unsaturated fatty acid and occurrence of this fatty acid in nature (what plant or animal) c. an example of a polyunsaturated fatty acid and its occurrence in nature (what plant or animal)Trans-fatty acids are synthetic forms of fatty acids made from altered unsaturated fatty acids. Trans-fatty acids are denser, solid at room temperature, and store more energy in the same unit of volume than unsaturated fatty acids. The production of trans-fatty acids involves the reorientation of one of the hydrogen atoms attached to a double-bonded car- bon atom, as illustrated in the figure below. unsaturated fatty acid OHHHHH HOC CCCC-c II I I HHHH trans-fatty acid |||| Molecular model of an unsaturated and trans-fatty acid Based on the structures shown above, H -C-C-C-C-C-H HHHHH TTTTT !!!!! HHHHH OHHHHH | ! ! ! ! ! HO-C-C-C-C-c-c IIII HHHH H HHHHH H HH III C-C-C-H I (a) Identify one property of all fatty acids. (b) Describe one of the functions of fatty acids in living systems. (c) Explain how the reorientation of the hydrogen atom as shown in the image allows the trans- fatty acids to be denser and solid at room temperature. Respond to each part in 3 to 5 complete sentences.
- Select the correct statement about unsaturated fatty acids: 1. Unsaturated fatty acids have extra nitrogen atoms in their hydrophobic tails compared to saturated fatty acids 2. Unsaturated fatty acids have multiply bonded carbons in their hydrophobic tails compared to saturated fatty acids which have only single bonded carbons 3. Unsaturated fatty acids have no bends in their hydrophilic fatty acid tails 4. Unsaturated fatty acids have relatively more hydrogen atoms in their hydrophobic tails compared to saturated fatty acidsSome foods naturally have high levels of the free amino acid. For example, parmesan cheese (1689 mg), tomato (246 mg), scallop (159 mg), corn (106 g), and shrimp (43 mg). Wheat protein (gluten) is typically comprised of 30-35% of this amino acid. People with celiac disease cannot metabolize gluten, but have no trouble with foods high in the natural amino acid or MSG. Why is this?Which of the following about glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids is incorrect? Select one: A. Both glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are used as component of cell membrane. OB. Glycerophospholipids have two fatty acids connected to a glycerol backbone with a phosphate polar head group. * C. Both glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids contain at least one fatty acid. D. Sphingolipids have a sphingosine backbone in which a fatty acid can be attached to C1 and a sugar can be attached to C2. E. Ceramides are the precursors of all sphingolipids.
- Most animal fats are solid at room temperature, whereas plant and fish oils tend to be liquid. Both contain fatty acids. Can you predict which type of fat contains saturated fatty acids, and which type contains unsaturated fatty acids?What is the molar relationship between triacylglycerols (TAGs) and fatty acid salts produced during saponification? Group of answer choices A 2 TAGs per 3 fatty acids B 1 TAG per 3 fatty acids C 3 TAGs per 3 fatty acids D 3 TAGs for every 1 fatty acidIn contrast to phospholipids, the transport of fatty acids across membranesis much more rapid (less than a second). Propose an explanation for this observation.