In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program that (a) may not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do { flag(i] - TRUE; while(flag[j]); %wait CRITICAL SECTION flag[i] - FALSE; REMAINDER SECTION } while (TRUE); Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric)
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- Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. ’Process Synchronization’ is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called ’Deadlock'.Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. 'Process Synchronization' is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called 'Deadlock'. In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program thatmay not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do {flag[i] = TRUE;while(flag[j]); %waitCRITICAL SECTIONflag[i] = FALSE;REMAINDER SECTION} while (TRUE);Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric) a) Does the given solution satisfy the mutual exclusion requirement? Explain (asimple 'yes-no' answer is NOT enough.…A deadlock occurs when a group of processes is stalled because one process is holding a resource and waiting for another process to obtain it. Consider the situation when two trains are approaching each other on the same track and there is only one track: once they are in front of each other, neither train can proceed. In operating systems, a similar scenario happens when two or more processes possess certain resources while waiting on resources owned by other processes (s). In the picture below, Process 1 is holding Resource 1 and waiting for Process 2 to acquire Resource 2, while Process 2 is waiting for Resource 1. Give an example of a realistic deadlock avoidance approach and describe the basic strategy behind it.
- Facts: Facts about Deadlock Deadlock is a situation that occurs in OS when any process enters a waiting state because another waiting process is holding the demanded resource. Deadlock is a common problem in multi-processing where several processes share a specific type of mutually exclusive resource known as a soft lock or software. Deadlock is a situation where a process or a set of processes is blocked, waiting for some other resource that is held by some other waiting process. It is an undesirable state of the system. The following are the four conditions that must hold simultaneously (Links to an external site.) for a deadlock to occur. Mutual Exclusion –A resource can be used by only one process at a time. If another process requests for that resource then the requesting process must be delayed until the resource has been released. Hold and wait –Some processes must be holding some resources in nonshareable mode and at the same time must be waiting to acquire some more…What describes how the principle of least privlege applies to the use of computers? A, It guarantees that no information inifially held in an object can be used outside its execution environment B, A process is allowed access only to the resources il needs to complete Its task and limit damage from a faulty process C, It is a process that can access an object in a domain only if that domain has a key that malches one of the locks of the object D It is the use of access controls to monitor and limit access to applications, programs, and websites during specific times of use.Create a state machine diagram of operating system processes according to the following description: In general, processes are created and are then waiting to be scheduled if they are able to run. They might be blocking on some external condition (IO, semaphores, other synchronization,...) and might be therefore not able to run. If they are scheduled they are running. At any point they can become blocked due to some external condition. Processes can also be swapped out to the page file / swapping space, which can happen when they are waiting for some external condition or when they are waiting to be scheduled. We are assuming that processes can be terminated at any time.
- you are tasked with analyzing an algorithm which schedulea processes in a multiprogramming system. You are working with a computer that has two CPUs, each CPU having two threads (hyperthreading). You are studying a scenario with three processes: P0, P1, & P2., with run times of 5, 10, & 20 msecs, respectively. All 3 programs are 100% CPU bound, don't block, and always run in the CPU it's assigned to. How long will it take for these programs to complete execution. Show three different possible outcomes (and assigned process to processor, 3 different combinations and resulting total time for all three to complete)A problem encountered in multitasking when a process is perpetually denied necessary resources is: A Deadlock. B Starvation. C Inversion. D Aging.When a process holds an allocated resource and it cannot be taken away, what condition of a deadlocked state does this create? mutual exclusion no preemption hold and wait none are correct circular wait
- A problem encountered in multitasking when a process is perpetually denied necessary resources is calledScenario A newly opened university would like to develop a student registration system (SRS) that can bedeployed on any operating system.The new system will allow students to register for courses and view their semester results fromany type of computer device. Lecturers will be able to access the system to sign in to access thecourses that have been assigned to them as well as to record grades. The system should allow allcourses offered by the university to be maintained up-to-date and can be accessible through theInternet.The registrar’s office will maintain course information and grades. At the beginning of eachsemester, students may request/ access a list of course offerings for the semester. Informationabout each course, such as lecturers, departments, and any prerequisites, will be included (byregistrar’s office) to help students make informed decisions.The university should be able to allow students to sign in to select a number of course offeringsfor the semester. Each course…in C++ please create a Priority : -pre-emptive algorithm code: here are information that will help you Tasks: • Lab 4: Process management • Review Process management algorithms Definitions: (in terms for this lab not formal definitions) • Preemptive: When a new process arrives and has a higher priority than the current running process, Then the current running process is paused and put back in the waiting queue, and the new process starts executing. In most systems it will automatically interrupt the current running job when the new job arrives, however some systems use a predetermined interval (a certain number of time units), to check for new jobs. • Non preemptive: Take no action when a process with higher priority arrives,when a new process with a higher precedence arrives current running process need to finish first before the new process goes Oxford definition: Preempt – to take action in order to prevent (an anticipated event) from happening; forestall. • Metric: a metric is…