- For the following equation, (1) label the reactants as Lewis acid, Lewis base; nucleophile, electrophile; 2) provide a brief definition each for Lewis acid and Lewis base; (3) Justify with formal charge alculations the charges shown on the product atoms. (4) uwe arruws to show eleetrun flow C1ザ cHaく>

- For the following equation, (1) label the reactants as Lewis acid, Lewis base; nucleophile, electrophile; 2) provide a brief definition each for Lewis acid and Lewis base; (3) Justify with formal charge alculations the charges shown on the product atoms. (4) uwe arruws to show eleetrun flow C1ザ cHaく>

Organic Chemistry

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305580350

Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Publisher:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote

Chapter4: Acids And Bases

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4.35AP: The sec-butyl cation can react as both a Brnsted-Lowry acid (a proton donor) and a Lewis acid (an...

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The sec-butyl cation can react as both a Brnsted-Lowry acid (a proton donor) and a Lewis acid (an electron pair acceptor) in the presence of a watersulfuric acid mixture. In each case, however, the product is different. The two reactions are as follows: (a) In which reaction(s) does this cation react as a Lewis acid? In which reaction(s) does it react as a Brnsted-Lowry acid? (b) Write Lewis structures for reactants and products and show by the use of curved arrows how each reaction occurs.
Complete a net ionic equation for each proton-transfer reaction using curved arrows to show the flow of electron pairs in each reaction. In addition, write Lewis structures for all starting materials and products. Label the original acid and its conjugate base; label the original base and its conjugate acid. If you are uncertain about which substance in each equation is the proton donor, refer to Table 4.1 for the relative strengths of proton acids. (a) NH3+HCl (b) CH3CH2O+HCl (c) HCO3+OH (d) CH3COO+NH4+
4. A student has prepared 0.05 M solution of CH3-C=CH and has added to it 0.05 M solution of potassium tert-butoxide (K" O-C(CH3)3). (i) Write the equation for the acid-base reaction that might occur. (ii) With curved arrows track the movements of electron pairs. (iii) Assign Base, Acid, Conjugate acid for the base, Conjugate base for the acid. (iv) Calculate the percentage of deprotonated methyl acetylene taking into account that pKa of the conjugate acid of potassium tert-butoxide equals 18 and pKa of methyl acetylene equals 24.
(a) Given that Ka for acetic acid is 1.8 x 10-5 and that forhypochlorous acid is 3.0 x 10-8, which is the stronger acid?(b) Which is the stronger base, the acetate ion or the hypochloriteion? (c) Calculate Kb values for CH3COO- and ClO-.
For the following acid-base reaction, (1) predict the products, showing both reactants and products complete Lewis structures and arrows showing electron flow; (2) label each structure with the lowing: Bronsted acid, Bronsted base, conjugate acid, conjugate base; (3) give a brief definition of a ronsted acid and Bronsted base; (4) predict the direction of the equilibrium and justify your answer. HC0OH + CH3 Nta PRん106Y pkb = 3.36
Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugateacid–base relationships, select the stronger base in eachof the following pairs: (a) BrO- or ClO-, (b) BrO- or BrO2-,(c) HPO42- or H2PO4-.
Abbreviating malonic acid, CH2(CO2H)2, as H2M, find the pH and concentrations of H2M, HM, and M2 in each of the following solutions: (a) 0.100 M H2M; (b) 0.100 M NaHM; (c) 0.100 M Na2M. For (b), use the approximation 3HM24 < 0.100 M.
Write these reactions as proton-transfer reactions. Label which reactant is the acid and which is the base, which product is the conjugate base of the original acid, and which is the conjugate acid of the original base. In addition, write Lewis structures for each reactant and product and use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in reaction. Q.) H2O + NH4+ -----> H3O1 + NH3
Based on their compositions and structures and on conjugateacid–base relationships, select the stronger base in eachof the following pairs: (a) NO3- or NO2-, (b) PO43- or AsO43-,(c) HCO3- or CO32-.
Write the reaction as proton-transfer reactions. Label which reactant is the acid and which is the base, which product is the conjugate base of the original acid, and which is the conjugate acid of the original base. In addition, write Lewis structures for each reactant and product and use curved arrows to show the flow of electrons in each reaction.
1. Identify the acid on the left and its conjugate base on the right in the following equations: (а) НОСІ + H:О- Hо"+ ОCI (b) HONH2 + HO → HONH;* + OH (c) NH,* + H2O→ NH3 + H;O* (d) 2HCO;?+ H2CO3 + CO;² (е) РО, 3 + Н,РО; + 2HРО, ?
1a) Consider the reaction AH(+) + H₂O A: + H3O+). For the following named acids: a) draw the structure of the acid, b) give the approximate pKa of the conjugate acid in units of 5, c) give the name of the conjugate base, and d) draw the structure of the conjugate base. p-Toluenesulfonic acid acid Conjugate base Imidazolium cation pka_ pKa iso-Propanol pKa Acetylene pKa