For a virus to transform a cell, which of the following events must occur: Group of answer choices Cytopathic effects must take place Virion production must be robust All answers are correct The cell must continue to divide The entire viral genome must always be integrated into host DNA
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- All viral genomes contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA but not both. Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cell. Viruses must first enter the host cell before viral replication can occur. After gaining entry into a cell, the viral genome has to be first replicated using either the host DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase You are studying two viruses: Virus A is an enveloped RNA virus Virus B is non-enveloped DNA virus Which of the above viruses is likely to have the lowest mutation rate in the host cell? O Virus A because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase. O Virus A because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host DNA polymerase which has lower error rate than RNA polymerase. O Virus B because it uses the host RNA polymerase which has lower error rate than DNA polymerase.After replication at the site of entry, some viruses remain localized, while others disseminate. Which of the following does not determine the outcome? Group of answer choices Presence of a lipid membrane on the virion Whether the virus can cross the basement membrane Directional release of virus from polarized cells Establishment of viremia Transport of virions in immune cellsFigure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?
- Which of the following components of a virus is NOT encoded by its own genome? O capsid of HIV O lipid bilayer of HIV envelope O spike glycoproteins of HIV envelope O anchoring structures of bacteriophageWhich of the following is one way a virus can enter the host cell? Depending on the type of virus, each of the choices is a potential entry mechanisms. A virus can gain entry by fusing its membrane with the host cell's membe to transfer its genome into the host cell. A virus can gain entry by injecting its genome into the host cell. A virus can gain entry by fusing with the host cell's membrane so that the entire virus enters the host cell.Which of the following is a similarity between viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages) and viruses of algae? These viruses will enter host cells by membrane fusion. They infect host cells by injecting nucleic acid (i.e., capsid does not enter cell) After replication in a host cell, the newly-assembled viruses will exit the cell by budding. These viruses are taken into host cells by phagocytosis.
- Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. RhinovirusA viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the virus? The virus would become lysogenic and incorporate its genome into the host cell genome. The virus would enter the host by a combination of endocytosis and fusion. The virus would lose its viral envelope and become a naked virus. The virus would attach to different host cells and its host range would be altered. The viral genome would not require uncoating once inside the host cell.The Ebola virus is an enveloped, helical ssRNA virus that replicates quickly. Given this information, which one of the following is a reason why Ebola infection is difficult to fight (both by our bodies and by treatments)? Question 6 options: Because it has many genes and thus replication is slow. Because it doesn't have a membrane. Because viral RNA polymerases make a lot of mistakes. Because it can integrate into the host cell DNA. Previous PageNext Page
- All virus particles, in their infectious form, contain which of the following components? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices Ribosomes Mitochondria Nuclei Cell membranes Nucleic acids encoding genes Protein capsidsA patient is admitted to the hospital with a viral infection and is immediately treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. How will the course of the infection be affected by this treatment? The infection's length will remain the same because viruses do not have DNA or RNA, and so antibiotics do not affect them. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics can prevent viral entry into the cell by binding to host-receptor proteins. The infection's length will remain the same because antibiotics have no effect on eukaryotic cells or viruses. The infection's length will be shorter because antibiotics activate the immune system, and this decreases the severity of the infection.Viruses are also a type of microbe, yet theyare not cells. Viruses consist of a moleculeof nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) surrounded byprotein. They must enter other organisms’cells and use their molecules and machineryto replicate themselves. Why aren’t antibioticsprescribed for viral infections?