Q: Based on class data only, which antimicrobial has the broadest spectrum? Which one has the narrowest…
A: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills or stops the growth of micro-organism. Antimicrobial…
Q: If a bacterial isolate shows intermediate to moderate resistance to an antimicrobial, how might this…
A: Bacteria are microscopic single-celled prokaryotes that thrive in diverse environmental conditions.…
Q: which antimicrobial drugs are produced naturally?
A: Antimicrobial drugs produced naturally are Biofilms. Biofilm is assemblage of surface -associated…
Q: Explain why Griffith’s mixture of harmless dead bacteria possessing capsules and harmless live…
A: The laws of inheritance was discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel who is popularly known as the father…
Q: Which phase of cell growth is disrupted by antimetabolites? Explain how folate functions as…
A: Antimetabolites are the cytotoxic type of drug because they kill cells, they done their work by…
Q: Why is the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent determined using an exponentially growing…
A: The bacterial cell reproduce asexually by replicating and dividing their genetic material as well as…
Q: Why have the chemical structure of some antimicrobial drugs been modified into semisynthetics?
A: Many antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs halt bacterial infection by interfering with the…
Q: Explain how an enzyme can be useful in treating a bacterialinfection, such as that which occurs with…
A: Enzymes are also known as bio-catalysts because it acts as a catalyst in living beings. Hence, an…
Q: Define antispasmodics
A: As we know A drug is any chemical substance or material that alters the physiology or psychology of…
Q: Explain why antifungal agents are less selectively toxic than antibacterial agents.
A: Antimicrobial agents are natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic chemical substances with the…
Q: Differentiate between a microbistatic and microbicidal agent.
A: Microbicidal and microbiostatic generally fall within the antibacterial scope. The toxic gas…
Q: For which diseases can one not rely upon chlorination of water as a method of control? Explain why…
A: Thyroid disease has been practically eliminated by using the chlorination of water. The treatment of…
Q: Name the compound used in anti-malarial drug is
A: Malaria is an infectious disease spread by mosquitos. It is usually caused by a single-celled…
Q: Explain how it is possible for certain microbes to survive and grow in the presence of cyanide,…
A: Different types of microbes have different genetic codes. Their deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) codes…
Q: Explain the process of drug powder aerosolization process from a DPI? Please answer at your own…
A: Drug powder inhalers (DPIs) are medical devices that are used by patients to deliver dry powder…
Q: Design an experiment to determine whether an antimicrobial agent is acting as a cidal or static…
A: A cidal agent means that it causes death of an organism. A static agent does not directly kill the…
Q: Explain why sulfa drugs prevent bacterial growth without harming the human host.
A: Antimicrobial drugs are those which destroy or inhibit the growth of microorganism. They have their…
Q: Identify the single most correct choice: () a) lodine can inactivate microbial cellular proteins.…
A: There are two terms that are used in microbiology to determine the effect of antimicrobials. They…
Q: Anaerobic bacteria produces which of the following inhibitory toxic product?
A: Anaerobic bacteria are those bacteria which do not require oxygen for their growth, cell division or…
Q: Can you think of a situation in which it would be better for a drug to be microbistatic rather than…
A: Microbistatic drugs are those which stop or prevents the growth of harmful bacterias in the body…
Q: A relatively large zone of inhibition surrounding an antimicrobial disk on a Kirby-Bauer test plate…
A: The Kirby-Bauer test was developed by William Kirby, A. W. Bauer and their colleagues. It is also…
Q: A reducing agent
A: Reduction is the addition of an electropositive element or the removal of an electronegative element…
Q: In some cases, why does a chemical is more effective as a microbicide when it is diluted rather…
A: An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth. Antimicrobial…
Q: In a short paragraph explain which is more effective at killing microbes: autoclaving or freezing.
A: The mechanism of killing microbes is known as sterilization. The sterilization is an important…
Q: The compound used in anti-malarial drug is_______?
A: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease. It is generally caused by single-celled…
Q: For what purposes is alcohol a useful antiseptic?
A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…
Q: Explain the decomposition of drug by redox reaction
A: Introduction Drugs are complex biologically active compounds that are degraded or decomposed by the…
Q: Compare AND contrast an intercalator and an alkylating agent.
A: Intercalating agents and alkylating agents, both have effects on the cell's DNA by altering it.
Q: Compare the action of microbicidal and microbistatic agents.
A: There are several microorganisms which cause diseases in human beings. Hence, it becomes important…
Q: There are several applications of microorganisms in industries. One of them is in medical and…
A: A microorganism is an organism that can only be observed under a microscope. Bacteria, protozoa,…
Q: Why do most antibacterial drugs not destroy human cells?
A: Antibiotic A chemical substance that inhibits the growth of microorganism by altering the…
Q: How is household antibacterial soap like a weapon against pathogenic bacteria?
A: Antibacterial soaps are those that contains certain chemicals that inhibit the growth of pathogens .
Q: An example of an agent that lowers the surface tension of cells isa. phenol b. chlorine c. alcohol…
A: Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of life. There are two types of cells prokaryotic…
Q: What bacterial structural target would make an antibacterial drug selective for gram-negative…
A: The gram-negative bacteria don't retain the crystal violet stain that's why called gram-negative.
Q: What kind of drug might be made out of an antimicrobial peptide and describe an advantage it would…
A: Bacterial drug resistance is now a significant ill health everywhere the planet as a results of…
Q: State something about Bt toxin.
A: Bt is expanded as Bacillus thuringiensis. It is a soil-dwelling bacteria which naturally produces…
Q: which antiseptic do you think will be most effective against the probiotic? Why?
A: Probiotics are live microorganisms that have direct health benefits when consumed . They are usually…
Q: Draw a diagram to illustrate the procedure for the determination of the minimum inhibitory…
A: Microbes or microorganisms cannot be viewed with unaided eyes and require a microscope for their…
Q: How does being in a biofilm affect an organism’s susceptibility to antimicrobial agents?
A: Introduction Microorganisms can be found living in colony or in solitary. However, sometimes…
Q: How would you determine if a disinfectant or antiseptic is bactericidal or bacteriostatic
A: A bacteriocide is a chemical substance that kills bacteria. They can be disinfectants, antibiotics,…
Q: Why can alcohol kill bacteria? Explain via proteins.
A: Alcohol kills bacteria through The process called as denaturation. Denaturation takes place when…
Q: Under cellular conditions, dATP can be oxidized to its 2-hydroxy form, which is a substrate for an…
A: Cancer is the state in which the cells of the body grow in unlimited fashion. The cells contribute…
Q: How can you use Alamar Blue (Resazurin) to test whether the antimicrobial compound is bactericidal…
A: Visual methods of quality and quantity are readily found in biology and other field alike as they…
Q: Draw a diagram to illustrate the procedure for the determination of the minimum inhibitory…
A: The minimum inhibitory concentration is determined to estimate the efficiency of the chemical. It is…
Q: explain how bacteria can develop resistance to chemical disinfectants
A: Biocide resistance to biocides is bought about by Intrinsic resistance or (intrinsic…
Q: Give a short comparison between alcohols and aldehydes as chemical antimicrobial agents.
A: Introduction Antimicrobial agents are widely used chemical substances or physical agents which can…
Q: Give an example of a bacterium that can be described as an “anaerobic chemoorganoheterotroph ”. Also…
A: Bacteria are a type of the biological cell. They constitute a large domain of the prokaryotic…
Explain why, when using an antiseptic, killing all the
bacteria may not be the desired result.
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- Would puromycin be useful for the treatment of a virus infection? Why or why not? Would chloramphenicol be useful?With the aid of diagrams, illustrate the biochemical basis of the following: Allopurinol used in the management of gout Hydroxyurea as an antineoplastic agent 6-mercaptopurine, an anticancer agent Trimethoprim, an antibacterial agentwhich antiseptic do you think will be most effective against the probiotic? Why?
- Could an organism that is susceptible to an antimicrobial agent in laboratory testing fail to respond to it when that drug is used to treat the patient? Explain.essential oils have been studied as potential antimicrobial agents. These naturally occuring compounds are linked to having the following type of activity in clinical trials: virucidal, septicidal, bactricidal, fungicidalWhy is penicillin toxic to bacteria but not to higher organism? Explain briefly.
- Design an experiment to determine whether an antimicrobial agent is acting as a cidal or static effect? How would you determine whether an agent is suitable for use as an antiseptic rather than disinfectant?What kind of drug might be made out of an antimicrobial peptide and describe an advantage it would have over a drug like penicillin?Can you think of a situation in which it would be better for a drug to be microbistatic rather than microbicidal? Discuss thoroughly.