consider the following development which happened at the same time: households reduced their currency holding in favor of bank deposits by $1 million and the Fed purchased a $1 million treasury bill from the U.S. government. what is the immediate or initial effect of these two actions on the money supply (M2)? A)M2 will increase by $1 million. B) M2 will remain the same. C)M2 will decrease by $1 million. D) M2 will increase by $2 million.
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- Most people in the country of Classica tend to keep $3 out of every $100 of their cash holdings in their wallets. The central bank has instructed the commercial banks to also hold 4% of all bank deposits as reserves. Suppose that in 2018 customers deposit $4,000 into their bank accounts. Based on the extended money multiplier calculated in part (i), what is the calculation of the total amount which the money supply in the banking system will eventually increase to?The U.S. money supply (M1) at the beginning of 2015 was $2,683.3 billion broken down as follows: $1,165.7 billion in currency, $3.5 billion in traveler's checks, and $1,514.1 billion in checking deposits. Suppose the Fed decided to increase the money supply by decreasing the reserve requirement from 11 percent to 10 percent. Assume all banks were initially loaned up (had no excess reserves) and the quantity of currency and traveler's checks held outside of banks did not change. How large a change in the money supply would have resulted from the change in the reserve requirement? The money supply would change by $ billion. (Round your response to two decimal places and include a minus sign if necessary.)Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 25%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the money multiplier to to . Under these conditions, the Fed would need to 2$ worth of U.S. government bonds in order to increase the money supply by $200. Which of the following statements help to explain why, in the real world, the Fed cannot precisely control the money supply? Check all that apply. The Fed cannot prevent banks from lending out required reserves. The Fed cannot control the amount of money that households choose to hold as currency. The Fed cannot control whether and to what extent banks hold excess reserves.
- Assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency, so the only form of money is demand deposits. To simplify the analysis, suppose the banking system has total reserves of $300. Determine the money multiplier and the money supply for each reserve requirement listed in the following table. A higher reserve requirement is associated with a __larger, smaller__money supply.Suppose the Federal Reserve wants to increase the money supply by $200. Again, you can assume that banks do not hold excess reserves and that households do not hold currency. If the reserve requirement is 10%, the Fed will use open-market operations to ____buy / sell_$___________worth of U.S. government bonds. Now, suppose that, rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves due to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 25%. This increase in the reserve…Assume that the banking system has total reserves of Rs.150 billion. Assume also that required reserves are 20 percent of checking deposits and that banks hold no excess reserves and households hold no currency. Calculate the money multiplier? Calculate the money supply? If the State Bank of Pakistan now raises required reserves to 25 percent of deposits, Calculate the money multiplier? What will be the effect on Reserves? (Please write only one word “Increase”, “Decrease”, or “No Change” in the blank) The amount of money supply will decline to (Write a number in the box) Note: Write amount in Billions only and ignore typing % sign for reserve rateDescribe in detail the differences between the three hypothetical countries money supplies, money multipliers, and likely impacts on each economy. Explain how each of the following situations changes the quantity of money (money supply) in the economy, based on its computed change in money supply. The Federal Reserve System buys bonds. The Federal Reserve System auctions credit. The Federal Reserve System raises the discount rate. The Federal Reserve System raises the reserve requirement.
- Most people in the country of Classica tend to keep $3 out of every $100 of their cash holdings in their wallets. The central bank has instructed the commercial banks to also hold 4% of all bank deposits as reserves. Calculate the extended money multiplier Suppose that in 2018 customers deposit $4,000 into their bank accounts. Based on the extended money multiplier calculated in part (i), calculate the total amount which the money supply in the banking system will eventually increase to. Show all steps involved in the calculation.Most people in the country of Classica tend to keep $3 out of every $100 of their cash holdings in their wallets. The central bank has instructed the commercial banks to also hold 4% of all bank deposits as reserves. Calculate the extended money multiplier Suppose that in 2018 customers deposit $4,000 into their bank accounts. Based on the extended money multiplier calculated in part (i), calculate the total amount which the money supply in the banking system will eventually increase to. Show all steps involved in the calculation. In which situation can the simple money multiplier value equal that of the extended money multiplier value? Justify your answer with a numerical example.Assume that the banking system has total reserves of Rs.200 billion. Assume also that required reserves are 12.5 percent of checking deposits and that banks hold no excess reserves and households hold no currency.If the State Bank of Pakistan now raises required reserves to 20 percent of deposits, Calculate the money multiplier? What will be the effect on Reserves? (write only one word “Increase”, “Decrease”, or “No Change” ) The amount of money supply will decline to
- According to your graph, the equilibrium value of money is (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) therefore the equilibrium price level is (1.00, 1.33, 2.00, 4.00). Now, suppose that the Fed reduces the money supply from the initial level of $4 billion to $2.5 billion. In order to reduce the money supply, the Fed can use open market operations to (sell bonds to – buy bonds from) the public. Use the purple line (diamond symbol) to plot the new money supply (MS2). Immediately after the Fed changes the money supply from its initial equilibrium level, the quantity of money supplied is (greater – less) than the quantity of money demanded at the initial equilibrium. This contraction in the money supply will (increase – reduce) people’s demand for goods and services. In the long run, since the economy’s ability to produce goods and services has not changed, the prices of goods and services will (rise – fall) and value of money will (rise – fall)For the last time, consider an economy described by the following information: Demand deposits total $200,000 Cash in bank vaults totals $50,000 • The public holds cash of $36,000 US government bonds held by banks total $6,000 Banks' deposits in the Fed total $22,000 Let's say that one bank in the economy has $60 in excess reserves and that there are enough banks in tesal for the full multiplied money creation process to take place. Calculate the amount (the actual amount, not the maximum) that the entire banking system -- all banks working together -- will create in new money, using these ER as your starting point. Carefully follow all numeric directions, including those related to rounding.Assume that a bank receives a deposit of $1,000 in cash, puts aside $200 as required reserves, and makes a loan of $800, these transactions imply that: a) the money supply by the whole banking system can increase by $1,000. b) the money supply by the whole banking system can increase by $4,000. c) the money supply by the whole banking system can increase by $8,000.