Charles is participating in an experiment. His payoff in the experiment is tied to his effort e doing a mundane task. There is also some risk involved by design-there is a chance p that Charles is going to get a fixed payment L regardless of his effort. Charles' payoff is thus: with probability P w.e with probability 1- p L Charles has to pay a cost C, which increases with his effort. First, let us assume that Charles' utility is the expected payoff net of this cost: U(e) = pL + (1– p)we – c(e) Derive the first order condition with respect to e. b. How doesp affect Charles' effort e? C. How does L affect e?
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- Suppose that an individual is just willing to accept a gamble to win or lose $1000 if the probability ofwinning is 0.6. Suppose that the utility gained if the individual wins is 100 utils. How much utility does one lose if one loses the gamble?You and a coworker are assigned a team project on which your likelihood or a promotion will be decidedon. It is now the night before the project is due and neither has yet to start it. You both want toreceive a promotion next year, but you both also want to go to your company’s holiday party that night.Each of you wants to maximize his or her own happiness (likelihood of a promotion and mingling withyour colleagues “on the company’s dime”). If you both work, you deliver an outstanding presentation.If you both go to the party, your presentation is mediocre. If one parties and the other works, yourpresentation is above average. Partying increases happiness by 25 units. Working on the project addszero units to happiness. Happiness is also affected by your chance of a promotion, which is depends on howgood your project is. An outstanding presentation gives 40 units of happiness to each of you; an aboveaverage presentation gives 30 units of happiness; a mediocre presentation gives 10 units…Becky is deciding whether to purchase an insurance for her home againtst burglary. the payoff for her is shown as follow: Net worth of her Net worth of her home: $ 20000 burglary(10%) Net worth of her Net worth of her home: $50000 burglary (90%) The insueance would cover all the loss from burlary and the insurance fee is $8000. Her utility funtion is given as u=w ^0.3 Should Beck purchase the insurance Explain.
- 1. A woman with current wealth X has the opportunity to bet an amount on the o ccurrence of an event that she knows will occur with probability P. If she wager s W, she will received 2W, if the event occur and if it does not. Assume that t he Bernoulli utility function takes the form u(x) = -e-TX with r> 0. How much should she wager? Does her utility function exhibit CARA, DARA, IARA?Consider the St. Petersburg Paradox problem first discussed by Daniel Bernoulli in 1738. The game consists of tossing a coin. The player gets a payoff of 2^n where n is the number of times the coin is tossed to get the first head. So, if the sequence of tosses yields TTTH, you get a payoff of 2^4 this payoff occurs with probability (1/2^4). Compute the expected value of playing this game. Next, assume that utility U is a function of wealth X given by U = X.5 and that X = $1,000,000. In this part of the question, assume that the game ends if the first head has not occurred after 40 tosses of the coin. In that case, the payoff is 240 and the game is over. What is the expected payout of this game? Finally, what is the most you would pay to play the game if you require that your expected utility after playing the game must be equal to your utility before playing the game? Use the Goal Seek function (found in Data, What-If Analysis) in Excel.In the final round of a TV game show, contestantshave a chance to increase their current winnings of$1 million to $2 million. If they are wrong, theirprize is decreased to $500,000. A contestant thinkshis guess will be right 50% of the time. Should heplay? What is the lowest probability of a correctguess that would make playing profitable?
- Clancy has $4800. He plans to bet on a boxing match betweenSullivan and Flanagan. He finds that he can buy coupons for $6 thatwill pay off $10 each if Sullivan wins. He also finds in another storesome coupons that will pay off $10 if Flanagan wins. The Flanagantickets cost $4 each. Clancy believes that the two fighters each have aprobability of ½ of winning. Clancy is a risk averter who tries tomaximize the expected value of the natural log of his wealth. Whichof the following strategies would maximize his expected utility? (a) Don’t Gamble (b) Buy 400 S tickets and 600 F tickets(c) Buy exactly as many F tickets and S tickets (d) Buy 200 S and 300 F(e) Buy 200 S and 600 F2. Consider a cheap talk game in which Nature moves by choosing a sender's type, where the type space has four elements: −1, 1, 2, and 3, each occur- ring with equal probability of 1½. The sender learns his type and chooses one of three possible messages: bumpy, smooth, and slick. The receiver observes the sender's message and then chooses one of three actions: 0, 5, and 10. The sender's payoff equals his type multiplied by the receiver's action. The receiver's payoff equals the sender's type multiplied by twice the receiver's payoff. a. Find a separating perfect Bayes-Nash equilibrium. b. Find a semiseparating perfect Bayes-Nash equilibrium.When the second order derivative of a function is greater than zero than the agent is risk lover. question; Asses the risk attitude of an agent represented by the expected utility function u(x)= 2x2-5. However my course material writes that this agent is risk neutral because it is affine. My question is that whys is this so despite the fact that the second order derivative is '4' which is >0. Kindly explain this to me with complete steps.
- A risk-averse agent, Andy, has power utility of consumption with riskaversion coefficient γ = 0.5. While standing in line at the conveniencestore, Andy hears that the odds of winning the jackpot in a new statelottery game are 1 in 250. A lottery ticket costs $1. Assume his income isIt = $100. You can assume that there is only one jackpot prize awarded,and there is no chance it will be shared with another player. The lotterywill be drawn shortly after Andy buys the ticket, so you can ignore therole of discounting for time value. For simplicity, assume that ct+1 = 100even if Andy buys the ticket How large would the jackpot have to be in order for Andy to play thelottery? b) What is the fair (expected) value of the lottery with the jackpot youfound in (a)? What is the dollar amount of the risk premium that Andyrequires to play the lottery? Solve for the optimal number of lottery tickets that Andy would buyif the jackpot value were $10,000 (the ticket price, the odds of winning,and Andy’s…An individual is oered a choice of either $50 or a lottery which may result in $0and $100, each with equal probability 1/2 . If the individual has a utility function u(w) = 5 + 2w, which one would they choose? If the individual has a utility function u(w) =w1/2 + 1?Imagine that a zealous prosecutor (P) has accused a defendant (D) of committing a crime. Suppose that the trial involves evidence production by bothparties and that by producing evidence, a litigant increases the probabilityof winning the trial. Specifically, suppose that the probability that the defendant wins is given by eD>(eD + eP), where eD is the expenditure on evidenceproduction by the defendant and eP is the expenditure on evidence production by the prosecutor. Assume that eD and eP are greater than or equal to0. The defendant must pay 8 if he is found guilty, whereas he pays 0 if heis found innocent. The prosecutor receives 8 if she wins and 0 if she losesthe case. (a) Represent this game in normal form.(b) Write the first-order condition and derive the best-response function foreach player.(c) Find the Nash equilibrium of this game. What is the probability that thedefendant wins in equilibrium.(d) Is this outcome efficient? Why?