Both the Japanese government and Canadian governments are worried about rising prices of medicines. In the 1980s, the Canadian government implemented price ceilings on medicines. In the 1990s, the Japanese government stopped implementing price ceilings on medicines. Which of the below statements is true today?
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- Consider the demand and supply for illicit drugs. Assume you have been appointed by the government to recommend on an optimal policy to tackle the problem. You are told that the price elasticity of demand (or own-price elasticity) is <1 (i.e., inelastic) and that the price elasticity of supply is >1 (i.e., elastic). Would you recommend the government intervene on the demand side or the supply side. Explain your answer. What sorts of policies would you recommend?Florida, like several other states, has passed a law that prohibits “price gouging” immediately before, during, or after the declaration of a state of emergency. Price gouging is defined as “selling necessary commodities such as food, gas, ice, oil, and lumber at a price that grossly exceeds the average selling price for the 30 days prior to the emergency.” Many consumers attempt to stock up on emergency supplies, such as bottled water, immediately before and after a hurricane or other natural disaster hits an area. Also, many supply shipments to retailers are interrupted during a natural disaster. Assuming that the law is strictly enforced, what are the economic effects of the price gouging statute? Explain carefully.Some have argued that higher cigarette prices do not deter smoking. While there are many arguments both for and against this view, some find the following argument to be the most persuasive of all: “The laws of supply and demand indicate that higher prices are ineffective in reducing smoking. In particular, higher cigarette prices will reduce the demand for cigarettes. This reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price back down to its original level. Since the equilibrium price will remain unchanged, smokers will consume the same number of cigarettes.” Do you agree or disagree with this view?
- Some have argued that higher cigarette prices do not deter smoking. While there are many arguments both for and against this view, some find the following argument to be the most persuasive of all: “The laws of supply and demand indicate that higher prices are ineffective in reducing smoking. In particular, higher cigarette prices will reduce the demand for cigarettes. This reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price back down to its original level. Since the equilibrium price will remain unchanged, smokers will consume the same number of cigarettes.”Do you agree or disagree with this view? Disagree - the reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price below its original level. Disagree - this confuses a change in demand with a change in quantity demanded. Agree - the price increase will ultimately leave cigarette consumption unchanged. Disagree - higher cigarette prices will actually increase the demand for cigarettes.During the 1980s, most of the world’s supply of lysine was produced by a Japanese company named Ajinomoto. Lysine is an essential amino acid that is an important livestock feed component. At this time, the United States imported most of the world’s supply of lysine—more than 30,000 tons—to use in livestock feed at a price of $1.65 per pound. The worldwide market for lysine, however, fundamentally changed in 1991 when U.S.-based Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) began producing lysine—a move that doubled worldwide production capacity. Experts conjectured that Ajinomoto and ADM had similar cost structures and that the marginal cost of producing and distributing lysine was approximately $0.70 per pound. Despite ADM’s entry into the lysine market, suppose demand remained constant at Q = 208 − 80P (in millions of pounds). Shortly after ADM began producing lysine, the worldwide price dropped to $0.70. By 1993, however, the price of lysine shot back up to $1.65. Use the theories discussed in this…Graph the market for an illegal drug and explain the shape of each curve. List at least four ways the US govt. fights the “war on drugs” and identify each as either a supply-side or a demand-side strategy. On a new graph, illustrate a large decrease in supply and explain the result in terms of market P and Q. On a third graph, illustrate a small decrease in demand and explain the new result. Based on Parts 3 and 4, which strategies—supply or demand—are more effective in decreasing quantities of illegal drugs that are exchanged in these markets?
- Graph the market for an illegal drug and explain the shape of each curve. List at least four ways the US govt. fights the “war on drugs” and identify each as either a supply-side or a demand-side strategy. On a new graph, illustrate a large decrease in supply and explain the result in terms of market P and Q. On a third graph, illustrate a small decrease in demand and explain the new result. Based on Parts 3 and 4, which strategies—supply or demand—are more effective in decreasing quantities of illegal drugs that are exchanged in these markets? If you were the head of the US Congressional Finance Committee, how would you allocate funds among these strategies and why?The market demand for medical checkups per day, QF, is Q=25(200-PF), where pe represents the price of a checkup The market demand for the number of dental checkups per day, QT, is Q=30(50-PT), where p, represents the price of a dental checkup. The market supply of medical checkups is QF =60PF-10PT The market supply of dentists is QT 60PT-20PF- The supplies are linked because people decide whether to be doctors and dentists on the basis of relative earnings. The quantity supplied of medical checkups depends on the price of dental checkups. What does the supply function property imply about the effect of price changes? As py increases, more peop become doctors and fewer people become dentists. Similarly, as pr increases, fewer people become doctors and more people become dentists. What are the equilibrium prices? (Enter numeric all responses using real numbers rounded to two decimal places.) The equilibrium prices are $71.00 for medical checkups and $32.5 for dental checkups.A website offers a place for people to buy and sell emeralds, but information about emeralds can be quite imperfect. The website then enacts a rule that all sellers in the market must pay for two independent examinations of their emerald, which are available to the customer for inspection. How would you expect this improved information to affect demand for emeralds on this website? How would you expect this improved information to affect the quantity of high-quality emeralds sold on the website?
- Give some examples of how food prices have been impacted in Canada since the pandemic.News about high levels of criminal activity in South Africa discourages American tourists from visiting South Africa. This decline in the number of tourists from the USA will lead to:Two months ago, on July 1, 2019, the State of Illinois raised gasoline taxes by $.19 (19 cents) per gallon of gas. Now it is past July 2019 and the market has changed. The gasoline tax is in place for all Illinois gasoline stations. In addition to the gasoline tax increase, Illinois dealers on average are noticing that many of their customers are going across the border to buy gasoline in Wisconsin, Iowa, Missouri and Indiana. Not all customers can do this, as they live far from a border. But there is a clear impact on the market for Illinois gasoline producers. Build a graph showing the impact of the Illinois gas tax increase and the shift of some Illinois consumers to border state gas stations, clearly indicating any shifts in the demand and/or supply curves and the resulting equilibrium Price and Quantity. Provide a narrative explaining the shifts. (Both a graph and a narrative are needed for this question)