As sweet as sucrose is, an equimolar mixture of its constituent monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose, is sweeter. Besides enhancingsweetness, fructose has hygroscopic properties that improve the texture of foods, reducing crystallization and increasing moisture. In the food industry, hydrolyzed sucrose is called invert sugar, and the yeast enzymethat hydrolyzes it is called invertase. The hydrolysis reaction is generally monitored by measuring the specific rotation of the solution, which is positive (+66.4°) for sucrose, but becomes negative (inverts) as more D-glucose (specific rotation = +52.7°) and D-fructose (specific rotation = −92°) form. From what you know about the chemistry of the glycosidic bond, how would you hydrolyze sucrose to invert sugar nonenzymatically in a home kitchen?
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
As sweet as sucrose is, an equimolar mixture of its constituent monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose, is sweeter. Besides enhancing
sweetness, fructose has hygroscopic properties that improve the texture of foods, reducing crystallization and increasing moisture. In the food industry, hydrolyzed sucrose is called invert sugar, and the yeast enzyme
that hydrolyzes it is called invertase. The hydrolysis reaction is generally monitored by measuring the specific rotation of the solution, which is positive (+66.4°) for sucrose, but becomes negative (inverts) as more D-glucose (specific rotation = +52.7°) and D-fructose (specific rotation = −92°) form. From what you know about the chemistry of the glycosidic bond, how would you hydrolyze sucrose to invert sugar nonenzymatically in a home kitchen?
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