According to economists, the process of optimal decision making by consumers typically yields total benefits well above the amount paid for the goods. These market-created benefits are referred to as ▼, and using the graph to the right, are represented by area Suppose now that the market price falls. According to the graph, the excess of total benefits over the total amount spent by consumers will ▼ decrease increase not change PM B Quantity (Q) Q
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- learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com Imagine there is an outbreak of 'mad sheep' disease, which wipes out a considerable portion of the sheep population in Scotland. This results in a shortage of Haggis and an increase in its price. a) Show the effect of this price increase on Angus' budget line and optimal choice, and explain the forces underpinning this outcome. (Hint: Consider substitution and income effects). b) Assuming that Haggis' price continues to increase over the subsequent months, derive the demand curve for Haggis. c) Discuss the income and substitution effects within the context of this price increase assuming that Haggis is an inferior good. 2 26% 1For Unit 4 Learning Journal, you will use the marginal utility formula to choose between two products. Catherine is having dinner at the Yellow Restaurant. She wants desert after eating her entree. She is trying to decide between a cookie or a slice of pie. The cost of a cookie is $5 and the cost of a slice of pie is $8. Refer to the Unit 4 Learning Journal Marginal Utility spreadsheet Compute the marginal utility for cookie and slice of pie Compute the marginal utility per dollar What is the utility maximizing choice for a cookie and slice of pie? Explain what the utility maximizing choice means. Discuss how you could use marginal utility to make consumer choicesMs. Beauty's incremental benefit per day from drinking soda is given in the following scenarios. She values the first soda she drinks at P120, the second at P115, the marginal benefit for 3 soda is P95 and finally the marginal benefit for 4 soda is P60. If the price of soda is P100, the optimal number of soda that Ms. Beauty should drink is: *
- The table below shows the marginal benefit that Dan derives by consuming different quantities of tacos and soda .The price of a taco is $3 and the price of soda is $1. Quantity sodas Tacos Marginal benefits ($) Marginal benefits($) 1 10 18 2 8 12 3 6 6 4 4 3 5 2 1 6 1 0.6 Refer to the table above.If Dan consumes 3 tacos and 0 sodas -not necessary his optical choice- how much consumer surplus is he enjoying? a) $ 24 b) $ 27 c) $ 9 d) $6If a good is free, when will a consumer stop wanting to buy the good? Once the total utility equals zero At the quantity where marginal utility is at its maximum Once the marginal utility equals zero When marginal utility is negative Once the marginal utility equals total utility What is used to measure a consumer's entire satisfaction or happiness of a choice? Total utility Marginal cost Marginal utility Total Revenue Total costs Which of the following best defines the term utility as it is used by economists? when a market allocates resources in a way that maximizes consumer and producer surplusBriefly discuss four disadvantages of using Cost-benefit analysis to measure utility.
- Solve parts d,e and f Jen from Thunder Bay consumes housing (H) and food (F). Her studentstipend is $600/month. She has a utility function of U(H, F) = F1/3H2/3.The initial price of food is pF = 1 and the price of housing is pH = 10. (a) Determine how much food and housing she consumes.(b) Suppose the government decides to subsidize her housing by 50%.This has the effect of lowering the price she actually pays for housingto $5. If the price of food is $1 and the price of housing is $5, calculateJen’s utility maximizing bundle of goods.(c) How much does the Government spend on this program (just on Jen)?(d) Calculate her utility level using the utility function above and thequantities consumed.(e) Calculate Jen’s utility maximizing bundle and her resulting utilitylevel if the government chooses to simply give her the money theywould have spent on the program (rather than subsidize housing).How much utility does Jen get?(f) Given the two programs cost the same, which one is better for…The following table shows the marginal utility per dollar of apples and pears for five consumers: Consumer Marginal Utility Per Dollar Apples Pears Darnell 8 5 Eleanor 7 8 Jacques 6 6 Kyoko 5 4.5 Musashi 4 4 Darnell, Eleanor, and Kyoko are not optimizing over their choice of fruit. In the following table, indicate which fruit each consumer should increase consumption of in order to achieve the optimal fruit consumption bundle. Consumer Apples Pears Darnell Eleanor KyokoThe following gives the marginal utility of John’s consumption of three goods A, B and C.Unit of consumption MUaMUbMUc1202545218203031615244141018512815610612 Goods A, Band C costs ksh2, ksh1 and ksh3 respectively. How many units of each good should a consumer take to maximize utility with an income of ksh12
- Say that Laura (L), Maureen (M), and Carrie (C) are three individuals who are contemplating the purchase of some amount of good X. Units of X can be produced at a constant marginal cost of 24. The following equations show how the marginal benefit (M B) that each individual places on X varies with the quantity she consumes: L: MB(L) = 30 - X M: MB(M) = 24 - X C: (MB(C) = 20 - X (a) How much of this good should they purchase if X is a private good? (b) How much of this good should they purchase if X is a public good? (c) Construct a diagram to illustrate your answer to part b.Explain how non-convexity in choice can result in multiple optimal choices. Provide a graphical solution.Suppose that Bartolo and Emilio spend their incomes on two goods, food (F) and clothing (C). Bartolo's preferences are represented by the utility function: 16 15- U(F,C) 10FC 14- 13 while Emilio's preferences are represented by the utility function: U(F,C) 0.20F2C2 12 11 . 10- With food on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis, identify on a graph the set of points that give Bartolo the same level of utility as bundle (10,5). Do the same for Emilio. Then, identify the set of bundles that give Bartolo and Emilio the same level of utility as bundle (15,8) 8- 1.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, graph an indifference curve for Bartolo that includes bundle (10,5) and that also contains bundles with 4 and 5 units of food. Label the curve U 6- 2.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, do the same for Emilio including bundle (10,5) and bundles with 4 and 5 units of food. Label the curve U1 3.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, graph an…