a. Explain the meaning of each of these equations. b. What is the marginal propensity to consume in this economy? c. Suppose the central bank adjusts the money supply to maintain the interest rate at 4 percent, so r = 4. Solve for GDP. How does it compare to the full-employment level?
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- Explain briefly whether each of the following would cause GDP to overstate or understate the degree of change in the broad standard of living. The environment becomes dirtier The crime rate declines A greater variety of goods become available to consumers Infant mortality declinesc Suppose the real GDP in an economy is currently $320 billion, C is $160 billion, I is $50 billion, G is $32 billion, and Nx is $-20 billion. What can you say about the state of equilibrium in this economy? Will its real GDP rise, fall, or stay the same? Explain.a. Suppose nominal GDP of a small economy in 2012 was $43 billion, the nominal GDP in 2018 was $96 billion, and the 2012 and 2018 consumer price indexes were 100 and 180, respectively. Therefore, between 2012 and 2018 the real GDP (in 2012 prices) increased by -- Show how you have derived your answer. b. The value of MPC in an economy is 0.76. The economy's investment expenditure (1) drops from $580 billion to $415 billion. As a result, the economy's aggregate income (Y) will change by percent. Show how you have found your answer.
- 1. A. Is nominal GDP a flow variable? B. Is real GDP a flow variable? C. Is labor force a stock variable? D. Is exports a stock variable?13. а The accompanying table shows gross domestic product (GDP), disposable income (YD), con- sumer spending (C), and planned investment spending (Iplanned) in an economy. Assume there is no government or foreign sector in this economy. Complete the table by calculating planned aggre- gate spending (AEplanned) and unplanned inven- tory investment (IUnplanned). GDP YD C IPlanned AEPlanned Unplanned (billions of dollars) $0 $0 $100 $300 400 400 400 300 800 800 700 300 1,200 1,200 1,000 300 300 1,600 1,600 1,300 300 ? 2,000 2,000 1,600 300 2,400 2,400 1,900 300 2,800 2,800 2,200 300 3,200 3,200 2,500 b. What is the aggregate consumption function? c. What is Y*, income-expenditure equilibrium GDP?Use the information in the following table to do exercises 8-15: silt 1 $20 $20 $4800 $20 $700xi $660 $20 Y $100 $300 $500 с $120 $300 G $30 $30 $30 $30 X $10 -$10 -$30 0-$50
- Suppose the current GDP is $11.3 trillion. Assuming that consumption is $6.7 trillion, investment is $2.1 trillion, exports are$1.8 trillion, and imports are $1.4 trillion, government purchases are $___ trillion. If GDP measured in billions of current dollars is $5,465, consumption is $3,657, investment is $741, and net exports are -$1,910, then government purchases are:In the economy of Kwartengland, the following figures are given for economic activity which was undertaken in 2013. All the figures are million Ghana Cedis Consumption Expenditure = 1000 + 0.8 YD Investment Spending= 600 Government Expenditure = 2450 Personal Taxes= 100 Exports= 100 Imports= 150 1. Calculate the equilibrium real GDP for the economy 2. What is the level of consumption at the equilibrium level of GDP 3. Calculate the investment and tax multipliers 4. By how much should exports change if government wishes to increase real GDP by 1000?Consider an economy described by the following equations:Y=C+I+GC=100+0.75(Y-T)I=500-50rG=125T=100wher Yis GDP,C is consumpton,I is investment,G is government purchases,T is taxes,and r is the interest rate.If the economy were at full employment that is , at its natural rate,GDP would be 2,000.a.Explain the meaning of each of these equations.b.What is the marginal propensity to consume in this economy?c.Suppose the central bank's policy is to adjust the money supply to maintain the interest rate at 4 percent,so r=4.Solve for GDP.How does it compare to the full employment level?d.Assuming no change in monetary policy,what change in government purchases would restore full employment?e.Assuming no change in fiscal policy,what change in interest rate would restore full employment?
- Use the concepts of gross investment and net investment to distinguish between an economy that has a rising stock of capital and one that has a falling stock of capital. “In 1933 net private domestic investment was minus $6 billion. This means that in that particular year the economy produced no capital goods at all.” Do you agree? Why or why not? Explain: “Though net investment can be positive, negative, or zero, it is quite impossible for gross investment to be less than zero.”Explain why an economy’s output, in essence, is also its income.Businesses in the nation of Islandia have been accumulating cash because they have a pessimistic outlook of the national economy. Recent changes in the economic outlook of Islandia have caused business leaders to begin to invest some of their accumulated cash. Suppose that businesses in the country invest a total of $40 billion of this cash. Instructions: Enter a positive number to show an increase and a negative number to show a decrease. a. What would be the maximum expected change in GDP if Islandia's marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is 0.75? $ billion b. Suppose that the recent economic outlook in the country of Mountainia has been the opposite. Businesses have postponed planned investments and have begun to accumulate cash. If businesses in Mountainia postpone $12 billion of their planned investments, what would be the maximum expected change in GDP if its marginal propensity to save (MPS) is 0.05? $ billion