A gas pipeline is to be constructed to link several towns in the country. Assuming the pipeline construction costs are the same everywhere in the region, the cheapest network formed by the pipelines and the towns as vertices would form: a Hamilton circuit an Euler circuit a minimum length spanning tree a critical path
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- Daniel and Ria are taking a road trip from Somerville to Vancouver (that’s in Canada). Because it’s a 52-hour drive, Daniel and Ria decide to switch off driving at each rest stop they visit; however, because Ria has a better sense of direction than Daniel, she should be driving both when they depart and when they arrive (to navigate the city streets). Given a route map represented as a weighted undirected graph G = (V, E, w) with positive edge weights, where vertices represent rest stops and edges represent routes between rest stops, devise an efficient algorithm to find a route (if possible) of minimum distance between Somerville and Vancouver such that Daniel and Ria alternate edges and Ria drives the first and last edge. Specify the space and time complexity.Given N cities represented as vertices V₁, V2, un on an undirected graph (i.e., each edge can be traversed in both directions). The graph is fully-connected where the edge eij connecting any two vertices vį and vj is the straight-line distance between these two cities. We want to search for the shortest path from v₁ (the source) to VN (the destination). ... Assume that all edges have different values, and €₁,7 has the largest value among the edges. That is, the source and destination have the largest straight-line distance. Compare the lists of explored vertices when we run the uniform-cost search and the A* search for this problem. Hint: The straight-line distance is the shortest path between any two cities. If you do not know how to start, try to run the algorithms by hand on some small cases first; but remember to make sure your graphs satisfy the conditions in the question.0/16 0/12 0/8 0/4 22 0/8 0/5 0/11 VA 0/13 0/14 V5 0/2 0/11 0/10 Each edge is annotated with the current flow (initially zero) and the edge's capacity. In general, a flow of x along an edge with capacity y is shown as x/y. (a) Show the residual graph that will be created from this network with the given (empty) flow. In drawing a residual graph, to show a forward edge with capacity x and a backward edge with capacity y, annotate the original edge *; y. (b) What is the bottleneck edge of the path (S, V₁, V3, V5, t) in the residual graph you have given in answer to part (a) ? (c) Show the network with the flow (s, V₁, V3, V5, t) that results from augmenting the flow based on the path of the residual graph you have given in answer to part (a). (d) Show the residual graph for the network flow given in answer to part (c). (e) What is the bottleneck edge of the path (s, v3, v4, t) in the residual graph you have given in answer to part (d) ?
- The multiple connected zones of Hamilton are shown in a planar map, in the following Fig.1. Drawthe planar graph for the following map (in Fig. 1) of multiple connected zones. Find out the minimum numberof frequencies needs to be used using graph theory, so that different zones of the following planar map areassigned with different frequencies (i.e., each zone operates at one single frequency) in such a way that noadjacent zones (i.e., zones with common borders) use the same frequency? The frequencies available for useare 10 GHz, 20 GHz, 40 GHz, 60 GHz, 80 GHz, 100 GHz, 120 GHz, and 140 Hz. Show your detailed work. Fig. 1: Spectrum division of HamiltonGiven a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (1) Pick any vertex v. (II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. (III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are true a. p is the longest path in the graph b. p is the shortest path in the graph c. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices a,c a,b a,b,c b.cThe major problem with the electric cars is the battery capacity. The batteries used in these cars are generally very heavy and expensive, so engineers must make important trade-offs when determining the battery capacity, and therefore the range, of these vehicles. Suppose that the road network is defined by an undirected weighted graph G = (V, E). The vertices represent the cities, the edges represent the distance between the two cities, and the weight represents the distance between two cities. Assume that each city has EV charger stations so that the driver can charge the car's battery. Write an O (E| log |E|) algorithm to determine the minimum range of the car that enables it to drive from every city to every other city.
- Consider eight points on the Cartesian two-dimensional xx-yy plane. For each pair of vertices uu and vv, the weight of edge uvuv is the Euclidean (Pythagorean) distance between those two points. For example, dist(a,h) = \sqrt{4^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{17}dist(a,h)=42+12=17 and dist(a,b) = \sqrt{2^2 + 0^2} = 2dist(a,b)=22+02=2. Using the algorithm of your choice, determine one possible minimum-weight spanning tree and compute its total distance, rounding your answer to one decimal place. Clearly show your steps.For the network below, determine the shortest path verticesModel the following problem as a network flow problem and write down the corresponding linear program: Find the maximum number of disjoint paths from the vertex A to the verlex D.' E A
- Among all pairs of nodes in a directed network that are connected by an edge, half are connected in only one direction and the rest are connected in both directions. What is the reciprocity of the network?2. Let G = (V, E) be a directed weighted graph with the vertices V = {A, B, C, D, E, F) and the edges E= {(A, B, 12), (A, D, 17), (B, C, 8), (B, D, 13), (B, E, 15), (B, F, 13), (C, E, 12), (C, F, 25)}, where the third components is the cost. (a) Write down the adjacency list representation the graph G = (V, E).Suppose that the road network is defined by the undirected graph, where the vertices represent cities and edges represent the road between two cities. The Department of Highways (DOH) decides to install the cameras to detect the bad driver. To reduce the cost, the cameras are strategically installed in the cities that a driver must pass through in order to go from one city to another city. For example, if there are two cities A and B such that the path that goes from A to B and the path that goes from B to A must pass the city C, then C must install the camera. Suppose that there are m cities and n roads. Write an O (m + n) to list all cities where cameras should be installed.