Answered: 6. Define the terms "net exports" and…

6. Define the terms "net exports" and "net capital outflow". How are the two variables related in an open economy with clearing markets?

Brief Principles of Macroeconomics (MindTap Course List)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337091985

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter13: Open-economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QR

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6. In the exchange rate model in Example 7.2, supposethe company continues to manufacture its product inthe United States, but now it sells its product in theUnited States, the United Kingdom, and possibly othercountries. The company can independently set its pricein each country where it sells. For example, the pricecould be $150 in the United States and £110 in theUnited Kingdom. You can assume that the demandfunction in each country is of the constant elasticityform, each with its own parameters. The question iswhether the company can use Solver independently ineach country to find the optimal price in this country.(You should be able to answer this question withoutactually running any Solver model(s), but you mightwant to experiment, just to verify your reasoning.)
9. Consider savings-investment diagrams assuming that there are two countries in the world, A and B. Initially, both countries are identical, i.e., they have the same supply of savings and demand for investment. Therefore, even as open economies, they both have balanced current accounts, i.e., neither has a deficit or surplus. Now assume that in country A, the government increases the budget deficit, shifting the supply of savings to the left. If all other curves (A s investment demand, B s savings supply, B s investment demand) stay the same, what will the effect of the increase in A's budget deficit? a. Country B will have a CA surplus. b. Country A will have a KFA deficit. c. Investment in country B will increase. d. The world real interest rate will fall.
7. For each of the following, specify whether the foreign direct investment is hori- zontal or vertical; in addition, describe whether that investment represents an FDI inflow or outflow from the countries that are mentioned. a. Vodafone (a U.K.-based company) plans to improve its network and services in Romania after the results in this market lagged behind other countries. b. General Electric (an American company) buys Alstom (another American company) energy assets. c. Exxon (an American company) plans the construction of new delayed coker unit in Belgium. d. PetroChina (a Chinese company) plans to invest in global oil and natural gas assets in a venture in Western Australia.
3. How does each of the following changes affect the real gross domestic product and price level of an open economy in the short run? Explain each. a) An increase in the price of crude oil, an important natural resource. b) A technological change that increases the productivity of labour. c) An increase in spending by consumers. d) The depreciation of the country's currency in the foreign exchange market.
2. Determining long-term exchange rates Consider two countries, the United States and Japan, that trade with each other. Suppose that the productivity growth in the United States accelerates, but it remains the same in Japan. The following graph shows the supply and demand for the Japanese yen in the United States before the change in productivity. The vertical axis is the exchange rate of the yen in terms of the doliar, and the horizontal axis is the quantity of yen. Show how the change in productivity affects the equilibrium exchange rate by shifting one or both of the curves on the graph Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther EXCHANGE RATE (Dolars per yen Supply Demand QUANTITY (Millions of yer) As a result of the change in productivity, the U.S. dollar appreciates depreciates Demand Supply
8. State whether each of the following events involves a financial flow to the U.S. economy or away from the U.S. economy: a. Export sales to Germany b. Returns being paid on past U.S. financial investments in Brazil c. Foreign aid from the U.S. government to Egypt d. Imported oil from the Russian Federation e. Japanese investors buying U.S. real estate
2. Determining long-term exchange rates Consider two countries, the United States and Japan, that trade with each other. Suppose that the productivity growth in the United States accelerates, but it remains the same in Japan. The following graph shows the supply and demand for the Japanese yen in the United States before the change in productivity. The vertical axis is the exchange rate of the yen in terms of the dollar, and the horizontal axis is the quantity of yen. Show how the change in productivity affects the equilibrium exchange rate by shifting one or both of the curves on the graph. Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther. Supply Demand Supply Demand EXCHANGE RATE (Dollars per yer
3. Suppose in a small open economy, real GDP is $500 billion, consumption is $300 billion, investment is $120 billion, government purchases equal $100 billion, exports are $80 billion, and imports are $100 billion. (a) Does this country run a trade surplus or a trade deficit? Does this imply there is a capital outflow or inflow? How do you know it?
2. Determining long-term exchange rates Consider two countries, the United States and Japan, that trade with each other. Suppose that the productivity growth in the United States accelerates, but it remains the same in Japan. The following graph shows the supply and demand for the Japanese yen in the United States before the change in productivity. The vertical axis is the exchange rate of the yen in terms of the dollar, and the horizontal axis is the quantity of yen Show how the change in productivity affects the equilibrium exchange rate by shifting one or both of the curves on the graph Note: Select and drag one or both of the curves to the desired position. Curves will snap Into position, so if you try to move a curve and it snaps back to its original position, just drag it a little farther EXCHANGE RATE (Dollars per yeni Demand QUANTITY (Millions of yen) As a result of the change in productivity, the U.S. doilar appreciates depreciates Demand 161 Supply
4. Assume no government and no international trade in a country. Show that measured savings is identical to measured investment.
4. Net capital outflow and net exports An open economy interacts with the rest of the world through its involvement in world markets for goods and services and world financial markets. Although it can often result in an imbalance in these markets, the following identity must remain true: Net Capital Outflow = Net Exports In other words, if a transaction directly affects the left side of this equation, then :must also affect the right side. The following problem will help you understand why this identity must hold. Suppose you are a fashion designer living in the United States, and a trendy boutique in Bangkok just purchased your entire inventory for THB 90,000. Determine the effects of this transaction on exports, imports, and net exports in the U.S. economy, and enter your results in the following table. If the direction of change is "No change," enter "0" in the Magnitude of Change column. Hint: The magnitude of change should always be positive, regardless of the direction of change.…
6. Assume the U.S. is a SMALL open economy and has balanced trade. Suppose Congress is worried about the U.S. economy entering a recession following the outbreak of COVID-19, and as a result decreases taxes for households. a. Using the LF model, illustrate and describe the effect of this policy on the U.S. trade balance. b. Using the net exports model, illustrate and describe the effect of this policy on the U.S. real exchange rate.