(5) [Text - problem 4.32] Solve for 50 and 95% efficiency Compare the reactor volume required to achieve 95% efficiency for a CMFR and a PFR for the following conditions: steady-state, first-order reaction, flow rate = 14 m³ day, and reaction rate coefficient 0.05 day-¹.
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- Environmental Engineering: Water Treatment Please consider each of the following points: a. Determine the required residence time for each reactor of 3 equal volume CSTRs in series given a zero-order reaction with a reaction rate constant, k = -5 mg/L hr. The influent concentration is 125 mg/L and 95% conversion is required across the three-reactor system. What is the total reactor system residence time? b. Determine the required residence time for a single CSTR given the same conditions. c. Determine the required residence time for a PFR given the same conditions. d. Why are all three residence time the same?Environmental Engineering: Three (3) continuously stirred tank reactors are to be used in series. All the reactors have a similar volume. The influent flow has a concentration 100 mg/L of A and a flow rate of 200 l/min. The reaction is first order and the rate constant is 0.30 hr-1. Using the given information: a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if the removal or conversion of A is 90%. b. What are the concentrations of A and the rate of conversion in each reactor?Civil Engineering 1. Consider a reactor operating at 50% power with Tave = 572°F. Assume the following: 1. A fuel temperature coefficient of afuel = -1.5 pcm/%power, and 2. A moderator temperature coefficient of am = -10 pcm/°F Part A: Reactor power is increased to 75% by opening the turbine control valves. Assume no rod motion and no change in boron concentration. Calculate the resulting Tave when the reactor is in steady-state conditions at 75% power. Part B: Assume that the nominal full power Tave is 587°F and that the nominal full power steam pressure is 1000 psig. Calculate the steam pressure that results from the transient in part A.
- Compare the reactor volume required to achieve 95 percent efficiency for a CMFR and a PFR for the following conditions: steady-state, first-order reaction, flow rate = 14 m/d, and reaction rate coefficient 0.05 d'.Q20. Calculate the first-order reaction rate constant in days for the given data. The number of CFSTRS in series are 5. The influent BODS is 160 g/m and final effluent BOD5 is 10 g/m. The hydraulic residence time of each reactor is 1 h. Determine the detention time of a PFR that will produce same effluent quality as that from the series of reactors.A reactor with predominantly longitudinal dimension has reaction volume of 3,000 m3.The influent has flow rate of 600 m3/day and concentration of Na+200 g/m3 and BOD 200 g/m3. Please answer the following:a. What is the hydraulic retention time? b. What would be concentration decay model along the relative length x=L/L0? c. If it is an ideal plug flow reactor, please calculate the concentration profile along the length of the reactor, e.g., x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 of the total length if Na+ is a conservative species while BOD is degradable specie with reaction rate constant k = 0.4/day. d. Please plot the concentration profile vs. relative length x for Na+and BOD, respectively.
- An ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has an influent containing Chemical X at a concentration of 150 mg/l and a flow rate of 100 gpm (380 liters/min). Chemical X undergoes a first-order decay reaction having k = 0.40 hr –1 . Determine: 1a. The required detention time and volume of the CSTR if the effluent concentration contains 20 mg/l of Chemical X. Express the volume in both gallons and liters. 1b. Use a spreadsheet to perform the necessary calculations and then use the spreadsheet's graphing tools to plot two graphs; i. Pollutant removal efficiency, 1e, on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on the horizontal or x-axis. ii. Effluent concentration, CX1 , on the vertical or y-axis versus hydraulic detention time on horizontal or x-axis. Analyze and comment on the significance of the graphs. 1c. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to achieve 80 percent pollutant removal or conversion? 1d. How many times larger must a CSTR be than a PFR to…Compare the size of a CMER and a PFR to achieve 50 percent removal of a contaminant, given a flow rate of 1000O m3/d and a first-order rate constant of -0.4/h. Repeat for 99 percent removal. Comment on the relative efficiency of each type of reactor and the situations where each type of reactor may be useful.Three CSTRs are to be used in series. The second reactor has a volume twice that of the first and third reactors. The influent flow has a concentration of 150 mg/L of TOC, and the flowrate is 100 gal/min (380 l/min). The reaction is first order, the rate constant is 0.4/hr.a. Determine the mean residence time and volume of each reactor if theremoval or conversion of TOC is 90% (for the entire system as a whole).b. What is the concentration of TOC in each reactor? c. What is the overall efficiency of this treatment process?
- Develop a mathematical expression of three phase fluidized bed reactor for first order catalytic reaction A - B, accounting for reactant A at any level Z in the bedDerive E(t), F(t), tm, and σ2 for a turbulent flow reactor with 1/7 the power law, i.e.,The rise times (unit: min) of a reactor for two batches are measured in experiment. 1.Define the sample space of the experiment. 2.Define E1 where the reactor rise time of the first batch is less than 55 min and E2 where the reactor rise time of the second batch is greater than 70 min. 3.Find E1 ∪ E2, E1 ∩ E2, and E1’. 4.Are E1 and E2 mutually exclusive? 5. Are E1 and E2 exhaustive?