3. Consider a network (G, w). Let c € R, and let m: E(G) → R such that m(e) = w(e) + c for all e € E(G). (a) Show that T is a minimum spanning tree of (G, w) if and only if it is a minimum spanning tree of (G,m).
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- 3. Consider a network (G, w). Let c € R, and let m : E(G) → R such that m(e) w(e) + c for all e = E(G). = (a) Show that T is a minimum spanning tree of (G, w) if and only if it is a minimum spanning tree of (G,m). (b) What is the analogous claim for shortest paths in (G, w) and (G, m)? Prove this claim or provide a counterexample showing that it is not true.Let (u, v) be a minimum-weight edge in a connected graph G. Show that (u, v) belongs to some minimum spanning tree of G.= 3. Consider a network (G, w). Let c ER, and let m : E(G) → R such that m(e) = w(e) + c for all e € E(G). (a) Show that T is a minimum spanning tree of (G, w) if and only if it is a minimum spanning tree of (G, m). (b) What is the analogous claim for shortest paths in (G, w) and (G, m)? Prove this claim or provide a counterexample showing that it is not true.
- Give a simple example of a connected graph such that an edge (u, v) is a light edge for some cut, but there exists a minimum spanning tree that does not contain (u, v).Let V = Mnxn(F). (a) Suppose that {M1,..., Mt} C Mnxn(F) is a spanning set. Prove that {M{,.…, M£} is also a spanning set. (Hint: Express At as a linear combination of the M;'s and use transpose carefully.) (b) Prove that if B = {M11, M12, -.. , Mnn} is any basis of V, then B' = {M, M, ..., Min} is also a basis of V.Prove (Menger) if x, y are vertices of a graph G and xy e E(G), then the minimum size of an x,y-cut equals the maximum number of pairwise internally disjoint x,y-paths
- 1. Show that {1, (x - 1), (x - 1)(x - 2)} are linearly independent and are a spanning set. Note that p(x) = a +bx+cr² € W if and only if p(1) = a +b+c= 0, then using this to show that W is closed under addition and scalar multiplication.Suppose a graph G has 22 vertices. What is the minimum number of EDGES that G must contain if Dirac's Theorem can be used to guaranteea Hamiltonian Grat in G?Let G = (V, E) be a graph with vertex-set V = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and edge-setE = {(1, 2),(3, 2),(4, 3),(1, 4),(2, 4),(1, 3)}.(a) Draw the graph.Find (b) maximal degree, i.e. ∆(G),(c) minimal degree, i.e. δ(G),(d) the size of biggest clique, i.e. ω(G),(e) the size of biggest independent set, i.e. α(G), ter(f) the minimal number of colours needed to color the graph, i.e. χ(G).
- 5. Let G = (V, E) be a graph with vertex-set V = {1,2,3,4} and edge-set E = {(1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3), (1, 4), (2,4)}. (a) Draw the graph. Find (b) maximal degree, i.e. A(G), (c) minimal degree, i.e. 8(G), (d) the size of biggest clique, i.e. w(G), (e) the size of biggest independent set, i.e. a(G), ter (f) the minimal number of colours needed to color the graph, i.e. x(G).If G = (V, E) has n > 2 vertices and no self-loops, show that there exist two vertices v # w such that deg(v) = deg(w). Present a counterexample, if G is allowed to have self-loops.Let A = 0 0 0 N(A) = span 이. 2 6 -2 2 Find a spanning set for the null space of A.