2 3 Example 11.3: Air at a flow rate of 1 m/s flows through a fitting whose cross-sectional area increases gradually from 0.08 m to 0.12 m. If the static regain factor (R) of the fitting is 0.8, what is the rise in static pressure (static regain) and total pressure loss as air flows through the fitting?
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- B) The air flow to a four cylinder four-stroke engine is 2.15 m³/min. During a test on the engine the following data were recorded: Bore 10.5cm; stroke 12.5cm; engine speed 1200 rpm, torque 150 N.m, fuel consumption 5.5 kg/hr, calorific value of fuel, 43124 kJ/kg, ambient temperature 1-The brake thermal efficiency. and pressure are 20°C and 1.03 barş. Calculate: 2-The brakes mean effective pressure. 3-The volumetric efficiency.1(C) A centrifugal pump has an impeller of diameter (D) of 300mm. When pumping 20°C water at a fixed rotational speed of 1500 RPM, the measured flow rate Q and pressure rise Pare given by the manufacturer as follows: Flow Rate (L/s) 13 19 25 32 38 44 Pressure Rise (Bar) 2.5 2.4 2.35 2.2 2.0 1.6 It is desired to use the same pump, running at 945 RPM, to pump 20°C water at 22L/s. According to your dimensionless correlation, what pressure rise p is expected?For the following pump-pipe system below, how will the discharge and pump head change if a smaller pump in the same family is used to replace the current pump? Increase or decrease? EB EA Head (ft) 350 300 250 225 200 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 O Pump head will decrease; discharge will decrease. O Pump head will increase; discharge will increase. O Pump head will increase; discharge will increase. O Pump head will decrease; discharge will increase. 15 20 Discharge (cfs) System head curve 25 H₂ -Intersection point Pump characteristics 30 35 40
- 5. The total head of a fan is 185 m and has a static efficiency pressure of 210 mm of water gage.What is the velocity of air flowing if the density of air is 1.15 kg per cubic meter? 8. A coal fired steam boiler uses 3000 kg of coal per hour. Air required for combustion is 15.5 kg ofcoal at barometric pressure of 98.2 KPa. The flue gas has temperature of 285 degree Celsiusand an average molecular weight of 30. Assuming an ash loss of 11% and allowable gas velocityof 7.5 meters per second. Find the diameter of the chimney 9. The gas density is 0.75 kg per cubic meters and air density is of 1.15 kg per cubic meter. If thedriving pressure is 0.25 KPA. Determine the height of the chimney. 10. A powerplant situated at an altitude having an ambient air of 96.53 KPa and 23.88 degreeCelsius. Flue gases at a rate of 5.0 kg per second enter the stack at 200 degree Celsius andleaves at 160 degree Celsius. The flue gases gravimetric analysis are 18% CO2, 7% O2 and 75%N2. Calculate the height of…%VY l. lin. 3. N Sheet 1.pdf → Sheet 1 Page 1 of 2 Q1/ An orifice meter is to be calibrated for the measurement of the flow rate of a stream of liquid acetone. The differential manometer fluid has a specific gravity of 1.10. The calibration is accomplished by connecting the orifice meter in series with a rotameter that has previously been calibrated for acetone, adjusting a valve to set the flow rate, and recording the flow rate (determined from the rotameter reading and the rotameter calibration curve) and the differential manometer reading, h. The procedure is repeated for several valve settings to generate an orifice meter calibration curve of flow rate versus h. The following data are taken. VALVEX Flow Rate D (ml/s) Manometer Reading h(mm) 62 10 15 87 107 20 123 25 30 138 151 1- For each of the given readings, calculate the pressure drop across the orifice, AP (mm Hg). 2- The flowrate through an orifice should be related to the pressure drop across the orifice by the formula. V =…There are three pipes located at an oil refinery in Trinidad that carries process water. You are charged with analysing the flow for plant adjustment purposes. • Pipe 1: water at 70°C flowing through a pipe of 150mm diameter at a volume flow rate of 0.006m³/s Pipe 2: water at 40°C flowing through a pipe of 150mm diameter at a volume flow rate of 0.00036m³/s i. ii. iii. Pipe 3: water at 20°C flowing through a pipe of 150mm diameter at a volume flow rate of 0.00029m³/s Use Reynolds number to define laminar and turbulent flow. Define the critical zone Determine the Reynolds number for the flow in each of the pipes as described above and use it to define the type of flow occurring indicating to the operators the significance of each number.
- ) where AP is the static The Hagen-Poiseuille equation for the laminar flow through a circular pipe is: AP pressure drop measured over some length of pipe, L. Use the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and the Darcy-Weisbach equation to derive an expression for the fanning friction factor, f, for laminar flow through a circular pipe where Re is the Reynolds number. Choose one answer from the list below: of= of O None of the above 32 Re 16 Re O f = 64 Re = o f = 32μLc 3 d² 8 Re O f = 16 Reoblems: 1. A horizontal pipe, 1 ft. in diameter, tapers gradually to 8 in. in diameter. If the flow is 500 cu ft. of water per minute, what is the difference between the pressures at the two sections? Ans. PA - PB = 443.63lb per sq ft 2. Water flows through a horizontal pipe at a velocity of 50 ft. per sec. Owing to the pipe gradually expanding to a larger size, the velocity decreases to 35 ft. per sec. What is the difference between the pressures at two points, one in each size of pipe? Ans. Pg - PA = 1,236. 75 lb per sq ftA compressor piston has a stroke of 380 mm and the clearance volume of 7% of thestroke volume. At the beginning of compression stroke the pressure of air is 0.99 barWhen the piston has travelled 260 m from the begining of the compression stroke thedelivery valves open and delivers air at 4 bar. Find the value of "n", iif the compressionfollows the law PVn = CA. 1.37B. 1.39C. 1.28D. 126
- 10. A fluid moves in a steady flow manner between two sections in a flow line. At section 1:Ai-10ft, U1 = 100 fpm, vi = 4 ft'/lbm. At section 2: Az = 2 ft, p2 = 0.20lb/ft, Uz = 120 fpm. Calculate (a) the mass flow rate, and the (b) change of mass stored in system,Am. %3D %3D tbm Ans. (a.) m = 15,000 &m2 2880- (b.) 12 120 %3D %3D hr hr hrExample 1: A system has a volume flow rate requirement of 1lit/s with an index run AP of 30kPa. Find an appropriate pump from the A manufacturer's catalogue gives the following information for a centrifugal pump operating at 12rev/s: P| 49.38 47.5| 44.38 40 34.38 27.5 19.38 Q|0.25 0.5 0.75 1.25 1.5 1.75 yelume flow rateThe pressure of a reactor vessel can be adjusted bychanging either the inlet or outlet gaseous flow rate. Theoutlet flow is kept fixed as long as the tank pressure remainsbetween 100 and 120 psi, and pressure changes are treatedby manipulating the inlet flow control valve. However, if thepressure goes higher than these limits, the exit gas flow isthen changed. Finally, if the pressure exceeds 200 psi, a ventvalve on the vessel is opened and transfers the gas to a storagevessel. Design a control scheme that meets the performanceobjectives. Draw a process instrumentation diagram for theresulting control system