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answer the following questions
1.What is the wavelength used for the spectrophotometer? What is the principle of the spectrophotometer?
2.What is the reagent used to detect glucose in the oh and temperature experiments? What is its principle?
3.What is the optimum temperature for invertase reactions?
4.What is the optimum ph for the invertase reactions?
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- Explain the color changes observed throughout the peroxide value of oil experiment. Materials:1. Old and fresh oil samples2. Distilled water3. Acetic acid/chloroform solution4. Saturated potassium iodide solution5. Sodium thiosulphate (0.01M)6. 1% Starch indicator: dissolve 1g of starch in 10 ml of water and then add 90 ml of hotwater to it1. Why is necessary to remove fat and tendons from the heart sample? 2. Why is necessary to completely grind the beef? 3. Why is necessary to balance the homogenate tubes for centrifugation? 4. How do you prepare a 100mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer? 5. From the anterior buffer, how do you make 100mL of 0.05 M? 6. Calculate the amount of ammonium sulfate necessary to get a 20% solution? 7. Which is the importance of dialysis?ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS REGARDING GEL ELECTROPHORESIS 1.why is it not advisable to move/touch the agarose gel in the process of hardening 2.what is the use or function of the TAE buffer that is poured or found in the gel box 3.how can you tell if agel is running 4.outline the process use in the preparation of agarose gel of 1.5 concentration 5.outline the processes/steps used in gel electrophoresis 6.name twoexamples of the dye used in gel electrophoresis 7.how do we prepare x1(concentration) TAE BUFFER form 50x TAE buffer
- My question is: Could you explain steps? (etc. why do we heat or add chemicals like nacl or ammonium sulphate?) 1)Casein Isolation from MilkExperimental Procedure* Put 100 ml of milk in a 500 ml beaker and heat it to 40 0C. * Also heat 100 ml acetate buffer and slowly add it to the beaker with milk while stirring. * The final pH of the mixture should be 4.8. * Cool the suspension to room temperature and wait 5 more minutes before filtering. * Wash the precipitate several times with small volumes of water and then suspend it in approximately 30 ml of ethanol.Filter the suspension in the buchner funnel and wash the precipitate a second time with a mixture of equal proportions of ethanol and ether. * Finally, wash the precipitate on filter paper with 50 ml of ether and soak and dry. * Make the ether evaporate by spreading the powder. * Weigh the casein and calculate the percentage yield of the protein. * Compare with theoretical yield of 3.5 g per 100 ml milk. 2)Purification of Egg…Lab: Isolation of beta-amylase from sweet potato Objective: To isolate the enzyme β -amylase using sweet potato as a source Materials Required: Sweet potato.Knife/peeler.Mortar and Pestle.A Blender.Blue capped tubes.20mM sodium Phosphate buffer at pH 7.Vortexer. Procedure: 1.Take a clean sweet potato and peel the skin off.2.Weigh the peeled sweet potato and note the weight.3.The sweet potato is cut into small pieces and transferred into a mortar and pestle.4.The pieces are crushed and then transferred into a blender.5.Add 40 ml of cold 20mM sodium phosphate buffer saline. Blend it until it forms a paste.6.Gently transfer the potato slurry into a blue capped tube.7.Allow the enzyme to extract over a 1 hour period at room temperature, with frequent vigorous stirring on a vortex mixer.8.Then the extract is filtered using a GF A glass fibre filter and the filtrate is collected in a new blue capped tube.9.Centrifuge the filtrate at 12000rpm for 20 minutes at 4 degree Celsius.10. After…Can you classify the following biochemical tests based on the following criteria and explain why you did so? Test based on the presence of extracellular enzymes Test based on the presence of intracellular enzymes Test ased on carbohydrate fermentation Test based on protein catabolism 1. Catalase Test 2. Oxidase test 3. MacConkey agar (MAC) Medium Test 4. Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) Medium Test 5. Gelatin Hydrolysis 6. Indole Production 7. Motility-Indole-Ornithine Decarboxylation Test 8. Methyl Red / Voges-Proskauer (MR/VP) Test 9. Nitrate Reduction Test 10. Simmon’s Citrate Agar Slant 11. Triple Iron Sugar Test 12. Urease Test
- Choose the one answer that fits best. Which of the following statements regarding the proper procedure for using Micropipettes is NOT correct? O a. You cannot use a 2-20 µl micropipette to pipet 200 µl O b. To expel all the liquid from the tip, you have to press the eject button O c. To draw up solution, press and hold the plunger at the first stop before entering the solution O d. Micropipettes always require the use of a disposable plastic tip O e. While pipetting, micropipettes should always be held as straight as possibleWhich of the following is FALSE? Question 3 options: A Some bacteria reduce nitrate to nitrite B Some bacteria reduce nitrite to ammonia and/ or nitrogen gas C Sukfanilic acid and alpha- naphthylamine are used to detect if nitrites are present D A clear result after adding reagent A and B is negative for nitrate reduction E A clear result after adding zinc is a positive result for nitrate reductionWhy are we using this materials and centrifuging at 15000 rpm? Lipid peroxidation experiment:Materials;• 10% TCA solution• 0.67% TBA solution• Tissue sample Procedures:The tissue sample is buffered at the ratio of 1 x 4 and crushed with the help of a blender. It is centrifuged at 15 000 rpm. Then, 2.5 mL of 10% TCA is added onto 0.5 mL of tissue sample and the tubes are mixed in vortex. It is kept in boiling water for 15 minutes and immediately cooled. After centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 15 minutes, 2 mL of each supernatant is transferred to another tube. 1 mL of 0.67% TBA is added on it and mixed in vortex. After the samples are kept in boiling water for 15 minutes and cooled immediately, their absorbance at 532 nm is recorded. The amount of MDA is calculated by utilizing the highest absorbance specific absorbance values (E = 1.56 x 105cm-1M-1 ) of the MDA-TBA complex formed at 532 nm.
- in food microbiology, how do you compute for concentration (M) and absorbance (A) of peroxidase activity on hydrogen peroxide at different pH values? (wavelength used = 415nm). can you please explain the calculations thank you if given: Temperature = 75 C Molar absorptivity coefficient = 10.5 Path length (cm) = 2 I = transmitted light = 0.45Match the chemical reaction to the visual effect of the product/biochemical test description 1. This assay's color change relies on an initial reduction reaction resulting in a black precipitate if the organisms is "positive" 2. The visual production of gas from this reaction indicates this organism can break down toxic byproducts of aerobic respiration. 3. This assay relies on a pH indicator (phenol red) for a color change. An organism that was "positive" for the certain enzyme in this assay, would result in a pink color change. 4. If an organism was incubated in simple broth containing a phenol red pH indicator and a sugar source, and the broth turned yellow following bacterial growth, that would be evidence of this reaction occurring. 5. The reaction representing this assay, works by producing a red colored product upon addition of a reagent, which tells us the organism possesses the enzyme required to break down a particular amino acid.What nutrients do the following media components contain? Peptone Yeast extract Beef extract Potato infusion Agar Why should agar media be completely dissolved before they are dispensed in tubes and plates? What are the bases for pegging the temperature at 1210C for 15-30 minutes during moist heat sterilization and 1800C for two (2) hours using dry heat sterilization? 1.Can you sterilize culture media using dry heat sterilization? Why is that so? You will notice in the videos shown, the cotton plug is not used. What is role of cotton plug in media prep, sterilization and culture of microorganisms? Instead of using cotton plug, plastic screw-cap is used, can you substitute this for the former? Is it technically acceptable in microbiology?Please include source