What Makes RNA Similar To DNA

• *Compare and contrast the structure and function of DNA and of RNA molecules. Reference Table 4.1.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA): It is a single nucleic acid supported by adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil supported by ribose sugars. mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.

RNA: single stranded nucleic acid whose nucleotides use ribose rather than deoxyribose and in which the base uracil replaces thymine found in DNA. Serves as genome from some viruses.

Ok let's break DNA down first. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribose is referred to the absence of an O in the Carbon 2 of the ribose pentose. DNA is made up of six smaller molecules a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule and four different nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. The basic building block of DNA is called a NUCLEOTIDE. A nucleotide is made up of one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule and one of the four bases. In other words, the sugar that makes DNA is ribose a pentose sugar in the case of this molecule DNA its lacking an Oxygen in its carbon 2. Nucleic is referred to its position, our DNA most anyways is located on the nucleus of our cells, the presence of this nucleus is what differs us from Prokaryotes us being Eukaryotes.

RNA self-replicates by the ribozymes, which provide catalytic reactions on their own nucleotides. Ribozymes can speed up a reaction and the short RNA sequences are eventually connected due to the ribozyme speeding up the reaction. The short sequences of RNA go with the ribozyme. The ribozyme speeds up the entire polymerization of the sequences. The short sequences become one long strand of RNA. The nucleic acid replication evolved by the ribozymes putting together the short sequences of RNA making a large molecule.

There are three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a gene segment of DNA which ultimately contains the information on the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein to be synthesized. The genetic codes is translated is for mRNA, not DNA. The messenger RNA carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. It also carries the genetic information copied from the DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words”, also known as triplets, each of which specifies a particular amino acid. Each nucleotide triplet, called a codon, can be “read” from the mRNA and translated into an amino acid to be incorporated into a protein being synthesized. Messenger RNA is a

Base pairing occurs.Translation is the process in which the codons in mRNA are used to assemble amino acids in the correct sequence to produce a polypeptide chain. mRNA binds to the binding site on the smaller ribosomal subunit. tRNA carries amino acid to the ribosome. Cells posses more than 20 types of tRNA, more than enough for the different amino acids. The codon of mRNA forms hydrogen bonds with the anticodon of tRNA. The tRNA detaches itself from mRNA and returns to the cytoplasm to take up more amino acids. Once aligned, peptide bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids, eventually forming a polypeptide chain. rRNA consists of a single polynucleotide strand synthesised in the nucleus. The rRNA form aggregates which proteins to form the large subunit and small subunit. The subunits leave the nucleus via nuclear pore into the cytoplasm. The subunits combine to form a ribosome. rRNA means ribosomal RNA, mRNA means messenger RNA, tRNA means Transfer RNA, rRNA means Ribosomal RNA. Ribosomal molecules of mRNA determine the order of tRNA molecules that are bound to triplets of amino acids

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA? DNA and RNA have some similarities they both are polymer of nucleotides. Its sugar is connected to group at one end and a nitrogenos base at the other end. DNA and RNA also can be located in the nucleus. DNA stays in the nucleus while RNA can move in and out of the nucleus. The difference between DNA and RNA is DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded. DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar. DNA also has thymine and RNA has uracil. DNA can undergo self replication and RNA doesn’t have the ability to do so. RNA is ribonucleic acid and contains the five carbons sugar ribose and DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid contains five carbon sugar deoxyribose. RNA thymine is replaced by uracil but also

The last difference between RNA and DNA is that DNA has Thymine as one of its four bases while RNA replaces Thymine with Uracil. All the other three bases are the

DNA to Proteins The DNA is a complicated thing and on the topic of DNA there are many subtopics. Subtopics like polypeptides. Polypeptides are bonds of amino acids that are basically proteins. These polypeptides are created through a process in which the DNA is transcribed and then translated with mRNA. Each DNA triplets are transcribed and the RNA copies its code, then each codon creates an amino acid and makes a chain of protein, and that is how a polypeptide is created. This entire procedure takes place in the cell and the process is ended with the use of ribosomes. Ribosomes act as the “zipper” that pulls tRNA and mRNA together and these ribosomes are commonly found on the endoplasmic reticulum or free floating in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Both of them are used to store and regulate the use of genetic information in a living organism. They are both constructed using nearly the same molecular structure, having phosphate groups and sugars linked together to form a phosphate backbone with variable nitrogenous bases utilized to encode the genetic information, the bases are only differ by an uracil base instead of a thymine base. DNA, unlike RNA, is not able to catalyse its own replication so they cannot be the primitive molecules. Also, observing the chemical composition of RNA and DNA, the difference between the uracil and thymine is the 5th position of the ring structure. Genetic mutation occurred so a CH3 group was added onto the 5th position of uracil to form thymine. Not only RNA has catalytic activity as pointed above, it also has the ability to control gene regulation, which is known as riboswitch. The ribosome is one of the most ancient molecules in our cells. In addition, ribosome is composed of RNA and a protein called Ribonucleoprotein. If the majority of protein content is eliminated, protein synthesis could be maintained. Therefore, RNA is the most crucial part of the macromolecule and this observation is in agreement with the knowledge of ribozymes, RNA with an autocatalytic capacity. Taken together, it strongly suggests that RNA has a

DNA is made up of nucleotides that contain a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. It is the life that an organism needs to live and reproduce

DNA has two types of bases, these are known as purines and pyrimidines. Purines are adenine and guanine and the pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine. Purines are double ringed structures whereas pyrimidines are a single ring structure. Adenine is complementary to thymine and cytosine is complementary to guanine. Due to the different complementary base pairings within the two groups it allows information to be transcribed. In between the different bases there is hydrogen

The process of RNA world includes several steps. First, there are many nucleotides on Earth. Then, there

Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) is the molecule that hold the genetic information of living things. In our body every cell contains about 2 meters of DNA. DNA is copied every time a cell divides. Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) is made up of two polynucleotide strands. Polynucleotide strands twist around each other, forming a shape that looks like a ladder called a double helix. The two polynucleotide strands run antiaparallel to each other with nitrogenous bases this means that the stands run in opposite directions, parallel to one another. The DNA molecule consists of two backbones chains of sugars and phosphate groups. The organic bases held together by hydrogen bonds. Although bases bonded together are termed paired