What Is Chronic Renal Failure?

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), also termed as a chronic renal condition, is characterised by kidney damage or a progressive loss of kidney function. This essay will provide an insight of chronic kidney disease including its pathophysiology, symptoms and its five stages of disease progression. The case of Glenda, an Aboriginal woman suffering from end-stage renal failure (ESRF), will be portrayed throughout the assignment. Further, the essay will elaborate different stages of CKD based on the findings of her assessment and describe the overall management of her condition. In addition, Glenda will be involved in the healthcare plan considering her cultural values and personal preference for the effective management of her case. For the management,

Chronic Renal Disease impacts many Americans life in the United States. “We estimate that more than 20 million people may have CKD, of varying levels of seriousness” (CDC, 2014). The chances of having Kidney Disease increase with age and is common in adults over age 70 because the kidney functions decrease. Kidney Disease affects the body ion so many different ways it can cause bone breakage; fluid overload causes pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure, anemia, and decrease in quality of life.

The following essay will begin by demonstrating what is understood by the concept of mental health. It will attempt to identify different explanations for the underlying issues causing mental illnesses and it will then centre around a case study focusing specifically on one mental health problem. A description of what the causes and effects of the chosen illness will be given and information on the available treatment will be presented. To round up the assignment a brief explanation of the chosen case study will be included with an attempt to distinguish the common issues identified and how they relate to the literature information provided throughout. In this assignment, the case study chosen will target depression.

This unit aims to provide the learner with knowledge of the main forms of mental health problems according to the psychiatric classification system. Learners also consider the strengths and limitations of this model and look at alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress. The focus of the unit is on understanding the different ways in which mental health problems impact on the individual and others in their social network. It

Underdiaxonsied and undertreated it is a major concern for the aging population of the United States. One of the first steps is educating the public on early detection techniques and risk factor for developing CKD. High blood pressure and diabetes is a major contributor in developing the disease and thus high risk factor groups should be identified early. This way the individuals can begin implementing lifestyle changes that can not only decrease the rate of kidney function decline but improve it as well. Management of the disease focus on the major complications. Anemia, dyslipidemia, CKD-MBD, nutrition and cardiovascular are the forefront of the disease management. Management with not only medications, but lifestyle changes creates a holistic care plan specialized to each individual patient. By treating not CKD but the individual patient, outcomes will improve. Implementing the health care team as a whole will unify the strengths in modern medicine and thus relieve a huge financial burden that chronic kidney disease yields at a national and local

blood count indicates anemia due to decreased production of erythropoietin (Castner, 2010). A CT scan or MRI can evaluate the anatomy and function of the kidneys to help determine the cause and stage of the disease. A renal biopsy may also be performed. These diagnostic tests determine the progression of the disease. There are five stages of chronic kidney disease. The treatment plan depends on the stage of the disease. If it is diagnosed in stage one, the patient and physician can work to treat the contributing factors and slow the progression of the disease. By the fifth stage the patient is on dialysis, needs a transplant, or in the most severe cases is in hospice care (Castner, 2010).

My nephew was diagnosed with kidney failure in 2013. So I immediately wanted to know the answer to the question is kidney failure permanent? Kidney failure is the

In 2003, Mr. H was diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease. Therefore, he had to go to the dialysis unit three times a week. Due to this problem, he decided to retire so he would be able to go to the dialysis sessions. Mr. H was committed in going to his dialysis session, but still according to him, he could not change his lifestyle and eating habits. Three years later, his physician decided to do peritoneal dialysis for him. Mr. H’s daughter was taught how to perform it for him at home. Mr. H’s conditions started to deteriorate and he went into depression since he became dependent on others to an extent that he did not want to take a bath.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible condition that progresses causing kidney dysfunction and then to kidney failure. It is classified by a GFR of <60mL/min for longer than 3 months. There are five stages of CKD: Stage 1 has kidney damage but has a GFR ≥ 90. Stage 2 has mild damage and a GFR of 60-89. Stage 3 has moderate damage and a GFR of 30-59. Stage 4 has severe damage and a GFR of 15-29. Stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD), this is kidney failure with a GFR of ≤ 15 and theses patients are typically on dialysis or in need of an immediate transplant. The leading cause of CKD is diabetes. Hypertension is also a major cause. Since most DM patients have HTN,

Chronic Renal Failure is a long term serious irreversible condition, described as the gradual loss of kidney function (McCarthy, et al 2009). The number of patients suffering from CRF in United Kingdom (UK) is rising rapidly. Ferenbach and Wood (2005, p.16) state that in UK, about 6000 people are commencing dialysis treatment per year. Fluid overload is a frequently observed finding in renal failure patients. About one third of the patients receiving dialysis for Chronic Renal Failure have fluid overload despite advice to restrict their oral fluid intake (Roderick, et al 2004).

In the words of Glick, Greenberg, and Ship (2008, p.368), "stage 5 CKD, or GFR of <15cc/min, reflects significantly reduced renal function, and this is the stage when patients will require long-term chronic dialysis treatments." Individuals with CKD stage 5 are said to have end stage renal disease (ESRD) and it is also at this point that their kidneys experience complete (or almost complete) failure. In basic terms, one of the key functions of the kidneys is the removal of excess water and waste from the human body. When kidneys no longer work as they are expected to, their ability to remove fluids as well as waste from the body is affected significantly. Some of the common symptoms patients in this particular stage of chronic kidney disease could experience include but they are not limited to increased skin pigmentation, muscle cramps, a feeling of unexplained tiredness, nausea, loss of appetite, etc. It is important to note that the inability of kidneys to get rid of fluids as well as waste from the human body eventually leads to the build up or accumulation of toxins in the body. This is essentially what causes those suffering from stage 5 CKD to experience an overall or general ill feeling.

In the past decade, the epidemiology of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease has pointed to the fact that these are not distinct disease entities, but are in fact interconnected. Acute kidney injury may lead to chronic kidney disease, both share common risk factors: (1) race/ethnicity; (2) genetic factors; (3) hypertension; (4) diabetes mellitus; and (5) metabolic syndrome (Chawla, Eggers, Star & Kimmel, 2014)

At the end of our 2 weeks of data gathering and completing the study, the group aims to accomplish the following:

Kidney failure is a public health problem, which has dramatic effects on patients' health. In some

Qualitative data were Based on the summaries of clinical interviews with group-members(based on farsi version of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV; Cronbach´s alpha (for Major Depressive Disorder, a= 0.89) and test-retest reliability (for Major Depressive Disorder, r= 0.52)).