The Main Stages Of Second Language Development Essay

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS) refers to a student’s ability to understand basic conversational English, sometimes called social language. Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) refers to a student’s ability to effectively understand and use the more advanced and complex language necessary for success in academic endeavors, sometimes referred to as academic language.

Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehension with these L2 learners. Each play a role in language development. However, I believe that in acquiring a language, one must use a variety of techniques that work together to create a balance within the learning environment. Furthermore, all L2 learners learn differently and so a variety of resources will need to be used based on the ability of each student. There are many theories that have been developed by highly qualified experts in the field on linguistics. However, I will address those areas that I agree with as I present my personal theories on second language acquisition.

Judie Haynes’ article, “Stages of Second Language Acquisition”, clearly states five stages that a new learner of English may go through. In Haynes’ theory, there are five stages in total, and they are pre-production, early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency. According to Haynes, new learners of English acquire language by going through the same stages. However, how much time each student spends at a particular stage may be different. Despite the different time length, the stages of people acquiring new language are worth discussing.

Within this paper we will take a brief look at the Language Acquisition Principles and how they work on the behalf of ELL students. We will see how these principles can be applied within our own learning environment. There is much information from Walqui article that gives a brief overview of ELL students and how things looked in the past for these students. Now that times has change we will see how educators can make the requirements for ELL students better and more effective for teacher and students. Hopefully, as we look at ways of changing learning for our ELL students we must remember that every student learns differently. Even if you follow the principles from

My seminar provided an overview of chapter 4- explaining second language learning. During my introduction, key points from each of the 5 perspectives were discussed. The cognitive perspective was given priority as it contained many subcategories within itself. This section also allowed my group mates to connect theory and practice of second language learning. My group mates were able to connect to the noticing hypothesis, processability theory and the three principles of practice through their own personal experiences while learning a second language. The first discussion question asked my group members to evaluate their own understanding of how language learning occurs and compare it with the perspectives we covered. The second discussion question provided them a chance to assess each perspective and think of one weakness and one strength for each. Overall if I were to re-do my seminar, I would like to provide more attention to the other perspectives. I would add more discussion questions in order to stimulate more in-depth discussions. Similarly, adding supplemental information from an outside source to further discussion and connect the theories to pedagogy. Additionally, I would create an activity that focused more on teaching of a second language and how these theories have influenced the current practices used.

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) refers to formal academic language. This includes anything from speaking, listening, reading, and writing about subject area content material. This level of language is essential for children to achieve in the classroom environment and can take five to seven years, for an EAL leaner to become competent in the language.

Though I was in English Language Development in elementary school, I do not believe I ever really needed it. Even so, I am grateful I was put into ELD because when I graduated from the program in third grade I was taken on a field trip to the University of California, Merced. Before that trip I did not know what college was; my parents had only attended grade school so I did not have exposure to higher education. The school was so grand and new, and in that moment I saw the it l knew that I wanted to someday go to a school as magnificent as that one. Now I am a senior in high school, and about to enter college. Third grade me would be thrilled. But as I am about to enter the next chapter in my life I am undecided on what to major in and what I want

The Cummins model is a second language acquisition is a process of learning language stated from infancy. Baby goes through the silent period by he/she listens to language spoken to him/her and process the sounds, without attempting to produce any of their own. As child grows and becomes more comfortable with the language that he/she begins to produce sounds. The child moves two letter syllables and finally to words. They begins to put the words together into short phrases and eventually, sentences. The stage of development takes one to two years called BICS. I went over the research of LEP children will move from the silent period to language production in one to two years. A child has BICS are not at this stage capable of meeting academic challenges in their new language. The child has to learn English from infancy enters school having to then learn academic concepts. LEP child needs one to two years in school simply to develop the verbal language that a native English speaking child possesses upon entering school. Educational have the lack of time for LEP children are forced to move to production much more quickly. Cummins vision will take a minimum of five to seven years to reach native proficiency in CALP and to be able to function successfully without help in a monolingual English classroom. During the developing CALP, Teacher should be working with LEP students on reading and writing techniques and

Many popular theories of second language acquisition have been analyzed throughout history. The socialization of L2 learners, their present emotional state that is present at the time of acquisition, as well as the comprehensible input and output with the use of scaffolding play a major role in second language acquisition. Kirsten Hummel states, “The one most effective way to increase L2 competence was by exposure to ‘comprehensible input’.” (Hummel, 2014, p. 73) Let us also not forget the importance of written expression as well as reading comprehension with these L2 learners. Each plays a role in language development. However, I believe that to acquire language one must use a variety of techniques that work together to create a balance within the learning environment. Furthermore, all L2 learners acquire language differently and so using a variety of resources that are based on the ability of each student is neccesary. There are many theories that have been developed by highly qualified experts in the field of linguistics. However, I will address those areas that I agree with as I present my personal theories on second language acquisition.

In our everyday lives, the origin of our ability to communicate is usually not often taken into consideration. One doesn't think about how every person has, or rather had at one time, an innate ability to learn a language to total fluency without a conscious effort – a feat that is seen by the scientific community "as one of the many utterly unexplainable mysteries that beset us in our daily lives" (3).. Other such mysteries include our body's ability to pump blood and take in oxygen constantly seemingly without thought, and a new mother's ability to unconsciously raise her body temperature when her infant is placed on her chest. But a child's first language acquisition is different from these

In life, I have gone through challenges that have taught me new things. In recent years, I have been learning to understand a new language: Korean. Korean is an Asian language that is spoken in Korea. It has different dialects such as the Gyeongsang dialect, Jeolla dialect, Chungcheong dialect, Gyeonggi dialect, Chejuan dialect, Hamgyong dialect, Hwanghae dialect, and the standard Korean. Learning this new language and its dialects were very difficult for me because not many people know how to speak Korean in the region where I live. Although this does cause a minor inconvenience towards my education, I still strive to perfect and enhance the current skill that I’ve taught myself.

Most young children develop language rapidly, moving from crying and cooing in infancy to using hundreds of words and understanding their meanings by the time they are ready to enter kindergarten. Language development is a major accomplishment and is one of the most rewarding experiences for anyone to share with a child. Children learn to speak and understand words by being around adults and peers who communicate with them and encourage their efforts to talk.

English is an international language which is used officially all around the world. Anybody who wants to make connections with the world we live in should learn English. I had English language classes in my secondary and high school years. I also took some private English learning courses throughout summers in my country, Turkey. However, I could not improve my English effectively as all Turkish students in Turkey. I fully agree that English will be learned most efficiently in the boundaries of an English-speaking country not in the home country because of some cases. Therefore, I came here, USA, to learn English better after graduation from my university.

Children encompass the ability to learn whichever language system they are introduced to, therefore a newborn would learn the fictional Klingon language (Hoff, 2006). Klingon is not a natural language such as English or Spanish, and does not adhere to all the rules of a natural language. Due to this issue, the child would encounter problems in saying everyday terms in Klingon. Also, since Klingon is a fictional language and not spoken in society the child would not be able to communicate with others, which may cause the child to reject this fictional language. This rejection may be related to the lack of acceptance of this fictional language in society. This could constrain the child’s ability to learn a new language in which he/she

Although, there is no agreed definition of language among linguists, but we can say that language is the most sophisticated way of communication between any two human beings and far more complex than any other system of communication. The ability of acquiring and using languages is one of the properties that differs us as human beings from other species.