The Agency theory arises when business-unit managers want to maximize their bonus potential by act

Budget management analysis is used by mangers as a tool and helps determine that all resources available are being used efficiently. The budgets are determined yearly and are based upon the previous year’s budget and variances. This paper will discuss specific strategies to manage budgets within forecast, compare five to seven expense results with budget expectations, describe possible reasons for variances, give strategies to keep results aligned with expectations, recommend three benchmarking techniques, and identify those that might improve budget accuracy, and justify the choices made.

Budgetary control system is an essential management tool that communicates management’s plans throughout the organization, allocates resources, and coordinates activities. Besides, unwise system can have the negative effects on the performance of the company. Thus, it is vital to develop a compatible budgeting system which can assist managers in fulfilling long-term goals and strategic plans.

This research paper is a brief discussion of budget management analysis. Budgeting is the key to financial management, and is the key to translates an organization goals or plan into money. Budgeting is a rough estimate of how much a company will need to get their work done, and provides the basis for evaluating performance, a source of motivation, coordinating business activities, a tool for management communication and instructions to employees. Without a budget an organization would be like a driver, driving blinded without instructions or any sense of direction, that’s how important a budget is to every organization and individual likewise (Clark, 2005).

Budgets should not be a managers task only. The whole organization should be involved in the budgeting process.

A budget is essential for a company to succeed. Without these budgets, it is very hard to be able to see where all

A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496) The budget is a method in which to reign-in discretionary spending, and will likely show variances between what costs have been anticipated and what costs are actually incurred.

In conclusion, every major company in the world uses budgeting and there is a good reason for that. It is an important component of financial success. Budgeting makes easier to achieve financial goals. It keeps track of all expenses and help to avoid crisis. It also helps companies to control their growth and provide them with realistic idea where business is going.

Most entities and organization create budgets as a guide for controlling its spending, prediction of profit, and it expenditure as they progress toward a set goal. Budget involves pulling resources together to achieve a specific goal. According to Gapenski (2006), budgeting is an offshoot in a planning process. A basic managerial accounting tool use in holding planning and control functions together is referred to as set of budgets (p. 255). One major setback manager or budget developer encounter is trying to design a future, a process that cannot be created with the precision just right. This article highlights some financial management

Firstly budget can be defined as “a quantitate expression of a plan of action and aid to coordinating and implementing the plan”(Horngren, Sundem and Stratton,2013). To add to this definition Collier(2006) also suggested profit is based on a defined level of activity and it takes into consideration of future time periods. budgets main purpose can be split into assisting managers in control and planning of the firm, moreover it also include sub factor such as acting as a communication device between departments. Furthermore jill collins definition for budgetary control is the process by which financial control is exercise by manager preparing budgets for revenue and expenditure for each function of the organisation in advance of accounting period. It also involve analysis of performance of department

The budget management process is not an easy task. It is time consuming and difficult. There are some ways to overcome the challenge of managing budgets within forecasts. One way is to budget and report beyond the ledger. Data should be looked at beyond the company’s financial system. This will allow the company to create more accurate forecasts. Next the budget software should be user-friendly. If it is easy to use, the happier the employees are to use and understand it. Thirdly, the budget should have the options to incorporate a flexible financial model. Managers should be able to input information on how their particular department relates to other departments or functions.

Budgeting is crucial in the well-being of a company especially the financial health status of a company. In fact, no professionally managed firm would fail to budget, since the budget establishes what is authorized, how to plan for purchasing contracts and hiring, and indicates how much financing is needed to support planned activity. It is routine for a company to budget for its expenses. Expense budgets act as a guideline of how much revenue a company would require keeping the activities running. It is used to set the company’s targets for a certain period.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the question of whether the budget has outlived its usefulness in the 21st century. Over the past 20 years, people within the academic and business worlds have argued that it is time for companies to move away from traditional budgets to a concept known as beyond budgeting (Sandalgaard & Nikolaj Bukh, 2014: 409-410). Researchers and business practitioners have argued that the traditional budget process requires too much time, with some estimating that traditional budgeting requires 20% of management time throughout the year to complete (Neely, Bourne & Adams, 2003: 22). Others have also argued that traditional budgeting is flawed because it provides an incentive for managers to essentially lie about how much money they project to spend or the revenue and profits they project to achieve in order to receive more monies or to demonstrate reduced spending to corporate leaders (Hope & Fraser, 2003: 108). However, some researchers and practitioners have explained that the entire idea that the traditional budgeting process is going to end in favor of the beyond budgeting concept is incorrect given that most organizations continue to prepare and use traditional budgets (Jackson & Starovic, 2004: 2).

The 20’s century saw the use of budget involve due to a change in the environment. Indeed the control of output used to be obtained by the dissemination of tasks and so traditional budgets were very much highlighted, with a significant top-down influence. As an example of the importance of budget in the 1970’s IBM had about 3,000 people involved in their budgetary process. During the same period, the oil crisis brought concerns about rising in costs and led to the introduction of zero-based budgeting (ZBB), which can lower cost by avoiding blanket increases or decreases to a prior period’s budget. The increase in business uncertainties was in discrepancy with the stifling effect of fixed plans, promoting the use of rolling budgets. The 1990’s saw the growing influence of shareholders and steered the focus on a budget that included a wider view of organisation results, answering the investment community for quarterly updates on results and expectations (Bill Ryan, 2005). Budgets then started being used as a communication tool between the financial community and the organisation, allowing the corporation to be integrated in the capital market. Moreover companies started using flexible budgets rather than static budgets as nowadays various levels of activities can be observed in most organisations. The use of flexible budgets then enables firms to be consistent with their new environment and the market.

Information Technology (IT) budgeting has become a constant struggle for companies, both big and small. The speed at which technology becomes obsolete, management’s expectations for quick deployment of new technology, and a supplier’s change of their operating model to focus on “as-a-service” (Feldman, 2015) recurring revenue, greatly affect how IT departments approach their budget these days. Other factors such as; lack of company vision or one’s inability to see how their IT department fits into the corporation’s goals and expectations are all huge pitfalls for the IT manager. The inability for IT and finance divisions to

Budget and budgetary control practices are undeniably indispensable as organizations routinely go about their business activities and operations. These organizations are constantly on the alert on how actual levels of performance agree with planned or budgeted performance. A budget expresses a plan in monetary terms. It is prepared and approved prior to a particular budgeted period and explicitly may show the income, expenditure and the capital to be employed by organizations in achieving their goals and objectives.