Life Cycle Costing Essay

3. What do the PCIB and PCIC indicate in terms of how much of the project has been accomplished to date?

Decision Making Area 2:Establishing Objectives and Budgeting for the IMC Program * Table of Articles * Summary of Articles * Observations * Conclusion

Life cycle costing is a technique that is used to assess environmental impacts that are linked with the product life stages from manufacturing to consumption that is from raw material acquisition to processing or manufacture, distribution, consumption, maintenance and repair (Epstein & Buhovac, 2014). It shows and some of the environmental concerns associated with the product life (Koroluk, 2012).

may have used various techniques such as the quality, cost, time triangle to make a decision

For instance, Hawaii is being charged for things like renewable energy, and energy efficiency programs. However, a national energy expert Robert Thormeyer, a spokesman for the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, says it is not as easy to see whether Hawaii’s non-fuel charges are realistic because Hawaii has a unique isolated electric grids (Robert Thormeyer, 2015). It actually only currently cost Hawaiian Electric Company around 13.6 cents per kilowatt hour to generate electricity from its oil, but they charge residents 20-20 cents per kilowatt hour. In addition, a consumer is also paying an additional twelve dollars a month or one hundred forty-four dollars a year because of a program called decoupling. On top of that addition cost, consumers are charged an extra five dollars a month to support Hawaii’s energy efficiency and renewable energy programs. Therefore, consumers are paying addition fees without a choice because Hawaiian Electric Company is the only electric company in

For 15 years of that time he had responsibility for all aspects of the company's energy management activities (procurement, contract negotiation, budgeting, invoice auditing, energy efficiency initiatives, capital budget development/implementation,

We first held focus groups with a series of people involved in the commissioning, management, design and daily use of these kinds of buildings, because we needed to know what the clients expectations were, the design teams intentions and what was thought to be important among experienced users of such buildings.

The operational design products within Schmidt’s model provide understanding and input to the next step within the process.

BAU Business-as-usual BEC Building Energy Code CAD Canadian Dollars CCC Climate Change Commission CDM Conservation and Demand Management CECO Certified Energy Conservation Officer CEM Certified Energy Manager CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent DOE Department of Energy DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DSM Demand-side Management ECO Environmental Commissioner of Ontario EEC Energy Efficiency and Conservation EPIRA Electric Power Industry Reform Act ERC Energy Regulatory Commission GEA Green Energy Act GEGEA Green Energy and Green Economy Act GHG Greenhouse Gas GDP Gross Domestic Product HB House Bill IEA International Energy Agency IESO Independent Electricity System Operator LDC Local Distribution Company LTEP Long-term Energy

The subsection (b) recommends that all the variations that are identified during the installation or the commissioning phase should be documented and approved if not identified earlier during the system designing phase. The recommendation also notifies that the purpose of this statement is not to cover for design flaws, the intention here is to identify issues that may appear because the conditions in the building may have altered from the time of designing, resulting in different working conditions.

When considering the preparation and development of a resource, cost is an important factor to consider. As well as monetary cost of the

Inventory analysis is the data collection portion of a LCA and includes a quantified list of all inputs and outputs involving the entire life cycle of the concerned system. LCI involves estimating the energy and materials consumed by the system, the energy efficiency of the system’s components, and the emissions to air, land, and water by variant processes and components of the system. The process of data collection is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive step of the LCA. The reuse of data from other studies can simplify the work; however, assuring the data are representative is essential. LCI can be utilized to discover improvement opportunities and determine life cycle stages that present the most and least detrimental impacts [4].

According to the case study written by Jurek, Bras, Guldberg, D’Arcy, Oh, and Biller, energy costs were steadily rising and were predicted to continue this trend going into the future. At the same time, utility companies were beginning to implement Smart Grid technologies to increase the efficiency of energy distribution. One resulting program to emerge from

when building a system? Why not just build the system in whatever way appears to be “quick and easy”? What value is provided by using an “engineering” approach?

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is the total lifespan cost incurred by an organization in purchasing, installing, operating, maintaining, and disposing off any equipment used in daily operations of the firm. In regard to this, estimation of LCC encompasses using a particular approach in identifying and quantifying components of an LCC equation (Pehnt, 2006). The use of LCC as an assessment tool when selecting possible design alternatives results in the provision of a cost-effective solution within limits of available data. In addition, a standard LCC comprises initial and operation costs, installation and commissioning costs, energy costs as well as disposal costs among others.