The virus known as Measles There are many viruses today that at one time were a deadly disease, however because of advances in technology and vaccinations, we no longer give them a second thought. Prior to the discovery of a vaccination, the United States reported a total of over 50,000 cases of measles outbreaks each year with 450-500 cases resulting in death. (NCIRD) Since the disbursement of an effective vaccination, the measles has been almost eradicated in the United States; however it is still abundant in other countries around the world. (The college of physicians of Philadelphia) Is this something we think of when we are traveling? Is it possible for people to visit or immigrate to the United States carrying the disease with …show more content…
(Cowan) In the blood stream, the virus causes the cells to merge together creating one large cell with many nuclei. Once the cells are merged they are unable to form the intended functions resulting in failure of immunity response and multiple system breakdown. (Plemper, Brindley and Iorio) Rubeola is considered one of the most infectious virus’s know today due to its increased ability to attach to the host, rapid reproduction, and ability to enter the blood stream and spread to all organs of the host. (Vyas)
The prevention of measles begins with ensuring you child receives the MMR vaccination around 12-15 months of age, and then again at 4-6 years of age. The MMR vaccination protects against the virus for approximately 20 years therefore another vaccination may be needed again later in life. (David) Increasing the availability of medical care and vaccination has almost eradicated the Rubeola virus in the United States. Decreasing population density, improving sanitation, and insuring adequate nutrition will lower the susceptibility of a population to contracting the virus. (Schoenstadt) Once the virus is contracted there is no anti-viral known at this time to cure it. Treatment is based upon symptoms presented and typically includes body temperature maintenance, fluid and electrolyte replacements, nutritional supplements, and cough suppression. An antibiotic may be ordered to
Measles is virus with a single-stranded RNA and two membranes: a fusion protein that infuses into the host cell membrane and the hemagglutinin protein that absorbs the virus into the cells. The primary site for invasion is in the epithelium of the nares. Measles is highly contagious and very infectious because it is easily transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can stay in the air or on surfaces for up to two hours and infect many people who inhale the infectious agent or touch a surface, then be introduced to a new host through touch to
Measles was at one time in the not too distant past, a killer of those that became infected. Measles has been around for centuries. The first published, written account of the disease was in the ninth century by a Persian doctor. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website on measles, it was not until 1757 that a Scottish physician, named Francis Home, proved that something infectious in the blood was causing the disease. By the early 1900’s, the United States began requiring every healthcare provider and laboratory to report all identified cases, with approximately 6,000 deaths being
Measles was a common virus in the U.S. before 1963, when the first vaccine became available and prior to 1963 there were approximately 549,000 cases of measles and 495 deaths
A measles outbreak occurred in a small Somali community in Minnesota over the past week. Misinformation about the topic of vaccination is a huge reason behind the sudden plague. The somalis’ fear that their children will have autism due to autism cases in the Minneapolis area in 2008. Vaccination rates have decreased in the area from 92 percent to 42 percent. A mother of three, all of whom are unvaccinated, is unable to send her children to daycare in order to insure the other kids do not contract measles “protecting the herd.” The Minnesota Department of Health is now having to consult the families in order to reconfirm their doubts of vaccinating their children. The same case is occurring across our river in Italy, the country just reported an epidemic of measles numbers which have increased since the
Vaccinating your child can help be a preventative measure against serious diseases that are not fully extinct yet. One example of a preventable disease is the increase in whooping cough outbreak that was reported recently. 28,000 cases of whooping cough were reported in 2014 and 2012 was a record year with more than 48,000 cases. Almost all of the deaths were babies younger than 3 months of age, who are too young to be fully protected against whooping cough through vaccines. Another disease that is fully preventable with the help of vaccination are the measles. Measles is still fairly common in many parts of the world, like Europe, Asia, and Africa. Measles is unfortunately
The Latin name for measles is rubeola. The pathogen which causes the disease is a paramyxovirus, which is one of a group of RNA (ribonucleic acid) viruses. Measles is a respiratory disease caused by a virus, and also comes out in a rash. The virus enters the body via the respiratory system, and grows in the cells at the back of the throat and in the cells that line the lungs, from there it then enters the blood stream and circulates the body.
Some patients will develop pneumonia as a sequel to the measles. Other complications include ear infections, bronchitis (either viral bronchitis or secondary bacterial bronchitis), and encephalitis. Acute measles encephalitis has a mortality rate of 15%. While there is no specific treatment for measles encephalitis, antibiotics are required for bacterial pneumonia, sinusitis, and bronchitis that can follow measles.
(2012) For this research study the author searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 2), which includes the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialized Register, PubMed (July 2004 to May week 2, 2011) and Embase.com (July 2004 to May 2011). Using a comparative prospective or retrospective trials assessing the effects of the MMR vaccine compared to placebo, do nothing or a combination of measles, mumps and rubella antigens on healthy individuals up to 15 years of age. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality of the included studies. One review author arbitrated in case of disagreement. The study included five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one controlled clinical trial (CCT), 27 cohort studies, 17 case-control studies, five time-series trials, one case cross-over trial, two ecological studies, six self-controlled case series studies involving in all about 14,700,000 children and assessing effectiveness and safety of MMR vaccine. Based on the available evidence, one MMR vaccine dose is at least 95% effective in preventing clinical measles and 92% effective in preventing secondary cases among household contacts.
In fact, life-threatening diseases still exist. There have been outbreak cases in the past two years which started in an unvaccinated community, demonstrating it is highly important to vaccinate and that disease is still around. In 2013, the United States experienced eleven outbreaks with twenty or more cases. In 2014, the United States experienced twenty-three measles outbreaks, including 383 cases, which by the way occurred among the unvaccinated community of Amish people in Ohio (Measles). In 2015, again the US experienced one of its largest measles outbreak which started at Disneyland (Measles). The outbreak started through a traveler which then spread it to surrounding people (Measles). A majority of these people who caught the disease were unvaccinated and had no immunity built to defend off the virus. Diseases, such as the measles, has not yet been eradicated and still persists in countries around the world. People who travel abroad bring the disease back and put unvaccinated people in danger. Disease still exists and in order to prevent from catching anything, a person must be
Recently, there was a nationwide outbreak of the measles in 2014-2015 that originated from a few different places. According to JAMA, a study showed that over half of the outbreak that occurred included individuals that were unvaccinated (Davis). These preventable diseases are happening more often than they used to.
one vaccine when they newborn child, and the other when they between five to nineteen years. As a result, the children have perfect protection from the measles. On the other hand, if anyone does not take vaccines to prevent the disease, and he exposed the virus, no specific medicine is able to kill the virus. However, some precautions are able to relieve the signs and symptoms of the disease, and decrease the serious complications which they lead to death such as Bronchitis, Encephalitis and Pneumonia. For example, the child who non immunized and exposed the virus, should take a vaccine such as MMR and MMRV during 72 hours. Moreover, the child should take fever reducers, antibiotics which reduce the complications and vitamin A. All these precautions can reduce the risk, but they cannot eliminate the
It affects 90% of people who are exposed to it. Measles is the leading death of children. In the year of 2015 about 134,200 children died that’s about 367 deaths every day or 15 deaths for every hour. But over the course years of 2000-2015 the MMR vaccination prevented death by an estimated 20.3 million, this was one of the best buys in public health. Scientists still haven’t found any right treatments to kill the virus completely. It is still best to get a Vaccine to prevent getting measles and also practicing good hygiene by washing your hands with soap and water often or using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, not touching your eyes, mouth, or nose unless your hands are clean, covering your nose and mouth with you sneeze or cough with a tissue, and avoiding contact with people who are
Those who have measles normally obtain a virus that is very contagious, which tends to live in an individuals mucus (Transmission 1). Many people who become infected think that it is simply a cold, and that with time it will go away on its own. Little do they know that the “cold” they are carrying around with them is easily spreading and taking some people’s lives. This virus is highly contagious and can be spread similarly to the common cold, as it is transmitted in the air through coughing and sneezing. If one does happen to go to the doctor when experiencing these symptoms, the doctor should ask them if they have been properly vaccinated for measles and also whether they have recently traveled into a foreign country. They should also ask if there has been a measles outbreak in or near their community (Rubeola 1). These questions are asked in order to rule out certain probabilities when determining what the disease is. This also allows the doctor to report to local public health officials, who can then warn the community and other places where the infected individual may have been, in order to stop the disease from spreading. All of these precautions are taken, as measles leads can lead to morbidity and in extreme cases,
With the effective work carried out by all agencies involved in the measles epidemic, the outbreak was declared over on July 2rd 2013 this is thought to have been a short time frame and could of lasted a lot longer if it wasn’t for the commitment and combined efforts provided by all agencies including primary care, local authorities, health boards and public health wales (BBC, 2013).
Rubeola, more commonly referred to as measles, is an illness of the body which causes red bumps and spots on a person’s skin. Some symptoms may include high fever, runny nose, coughing, or red watery eyes (“Signs”). Rubeola is highly contagious, and can easily be transferred by those who have it to those who are unvaccinated. Influenza, also known as the flu, is similar in the way that it can be easily transferred. Also an illness of the body, influenza can cause symptoms such as a sore throat, runny nose, and aches.